Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'whereby'

English Word: whereby

Key Russian Translations:

• с помощью которого [s pɐˈmoʂʲɪ kɐˈtorəvə] - [Formal, Used in contexts describing methods or instruments]
• при котором [prʲi kɐˈtorəm] - [Formal, Used for conditions or circumstances]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing and legal texts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate) - Involves understanding relative clauses and case usage; varies by translation, with "с помощью которого" being slightly more challenging due to prepositional phrases.

Pronunciation (Russian):

с помощью которого: [s pɐˈmoʂʲɪ kɐˈtorəvə]

Note on с помощью которого: The stress falls on "мо" in "помощи" and "то" in "которого." Be mindful of the soft sign (ʂʲ) in "помощи," which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations occur based on gender and case of the antecedent noun.

при котором: [prʲi kɐˈtorəm]

Note on при котором: The pronunciation is straightforward, but ensure the "рʲ" sound is rolled lightly, as in standard Russian. This phrase is often unstressed in sentences.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Introducing a method, means, or condition by which something occurs

Translation(s) & Context:

• с помощью которого - Used when describing an instrument or process, e.g., in technical or explanatory contexts.
• при котором - Applied in conditional or situational descriptions, such as in legal or formal agreements.

Usage Examples:

• Это закон, с помощью которого общество регулирует экономику.

  This is the law whereby society regulates the economy.

• Механизм, при котором энергия преобразуется в движение, является основой машины.

  The mechanism whereby energy is converted into motion is the basis of the machine.

• С помощью которого мы можем решить проблему, это инновационное решение.

  Whereby we can solve the problem, this is an innovative solution.

• Договор, при котором обе стороны обязуются сотрудничать, был подписан вчера.

  The agreement whereby both parties commit to cooperate was signed yesterday.

• Процесс, с помощью которого данные анализируются, включает несколько этапов.

  The process whereby data is analyzed involves several stages.

Meaning: In relative clauses indicating "by which" for relationships or connections

Translation(s) & Context:

• с помощью которого - In explanatory or relational contexts, emphasizing dependency.
• при котором - For linking conditions in narratives or descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Технология, с помощью которой информация передается мгновенно, изменила мир.

  The technology whereby information is transmitted instantly has changed the world.

• Система, при которой студенты оцениваются по критериям, работает эффективно.

  The system whereby students are evaluated based on criteria works effectively.

• Метод, с помощью которого мы изучаем языки, включает практику и теорию.

  The method whereby we study languages includes practice and theory.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The key elements in these translations, such as "которого" (from "который"), are relative pronouns that inflect based on gender, number, and case. "с помощью" is a prepositional phrase and does not inflect, while "при" is a preposition requiring the prepositional case.

For "который" (which forms part of both translations):

Note: In "с помощью которого," "которого" is in the genitive case. The full phrase remains invariant except for the pronoun. For verbs or other elements in related phrases, standard Russian conjugation applies if present.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • через который (through which; similar but implies passage)
  • посредством которого (by means of which; more emphatic on mediation)
  • благодаря которому (thanks to which; adds a connotation of benefit)
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as "whereby" is relational. However, contrasting phrases might include "без которого" (without which), implying absence.

Related Phrases:

• с помощью чего - By means of what (used for questions; English: This phrase helps in interrogative contexts to ask about methods.)
• при условии, что - On the condition that (English: Similar to "whereby" in conditional clauses, emphasizing prerequisites.)
• через посредство которого - Through the medium of which (English: A more formal variant for complex relationships.)

Usage Notes:

"Whereby" in English corresponds closely to "с помощью которого" or "при котором" in Russian, but selection depends on context: use "с помощью" for instrumental means and "при" for conditions. These are formal and rarely used in casual speech; prefer in written or academic settings. Grammatically, ensure the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number, and case with its antecedent. For English learners, remember that Russian requires explicit case endings, unlike English's flexible structure.

• Choose "с помощью которого" when emphasizing a tool or process.
• Avoid direct word-for-word translation; adapt to Russian syntax for natural flow.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse case endings, e.g., saying "с помощью который" instead of "с помощью которого" (error: missing genitive case). Correct: Use the proper genitive form to maintain grammatical agreement. Another error is overusing in informal contexts, like "Я ем, с помощью которого" (incorrect: awkward phrasing); instead, say "Я ем с помощью вилки" for simplicity. Explanation: Russian requires precise case alignment, which can lead to confusion with English's looser relative clauses.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, phrases like "с помощью которого" reflect the language's precision in formal and legal contexts, influenced by historical bureaucratic traditions from the Soviet era. This formality can make Russian texts feel more structured than English equivalents, emphasizing clarity in official documents or scientific writing.

Related Concepts:

• который
• через
• при
• благодаря