Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bearing'

English Word: bearing

Key Russian Translations:

• подшипник [ˈpɐdʂɨpnʲɪk] - [Technical, Mechanical Context]
• направление [nəprɐˈvlʲenʲɪjə] - [Navigational, Directional Context]
• поведение [pɐvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪjə] - [Behavioral, Manner Context]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "подшипник" is common in technical fields, while "поведение" is frequent in everyday speech)

Difficulty: подшипник - B2 (Intermediate, technical vocabulary); направление - B1 (Intermediate); поведение - A2 (Beginner to Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

подшипник: [ˈpɐdʂɨpnʲɪk]

Note on подшипник: Stress falls on the first syllable. The "ш" sound is a retroflex fricative, distinct from English "sh".

направление: [nəprɐˈvlʲenʲɪjə]

Note on направление: Stress on the third syllable. The soft "л" requires tongue placement against the palate.

поведение: [pɐvʲɪˈdʲenʲɪjə]

Note on поведение: Stress on the third syllable. The initial "по" is unstressed and reduced.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Mechanical Component (e.g., in machinery)

Translation(s) & Context:

• подшипник - Used in technical contexts to refer to a bearing in machines or vehicles.

Usage Examples:

• Подшипник в двигателе нужно заменить.

  The bearing in the engine needs to be replaced.

• Этот подшипник выдерживает высокие нагрузки.

  This bearing can withstand high loads.

• Где можно купить качественные подшипники?

  Where can I buy high-quality bearings?

2. Direction or Course (e.g., in navigation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• направление - Refers to a course or bearing in navigation or abstract direction.

Usage Examples:

• Корабль взял направление на север.

  The ship took a bearing to the north.

• Мы потеряли направление в тумане.

  We lost our bearing in the fog.

• Определите направление ветра.

  Determine the bearing of the wind.

3. Manner or Behavior (e.g., someone's demeanor)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поведение - Refers to someone's conduct or bearing in a social context.

Usage Examples:

• Его поведение на собрании было безупречным.

  His bearing at the meeting was impeccable.

• Её поведение говорит о высокой уверенности.

  Her bearing speaks of great confidence.

• Какое у него было поведение в той ситуации?

  What was his bearing in that situation?

Russian Forms/Inflections:

подшипник (Noun, Masculine, Inanimate):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	подшипник	подшипники
Genitive	подшипника	подшипников
Dative	подшипнику	подшипникам
Accusative	подшипник	подшипники
Instrumental	подшипником	подшипниками
Prepositional	о подшипнике	о подшипниках

направление (Noun, Neuter, Inanimate): Follows regular neuter noun declension patterns. Key forms include Nominative Plural: направления, Genitive Singular: направления.

поведение (Noun, Neuter, Inanimate): Follows regular neuter noun declension patterns. Key forms include Nominative Plural: поведения, Genitive Singular: поведения.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

For подшипник (mechanical bearing):

• Synonym: опора (support, in some mechanical contexts)
• Antonym: None directly applicable

For направление (direction):

• Synonym: курс (course)
• Antonym: противоположность (opposite)

For поведение (behavior):

• Synonym: манера (manner)
• Antonym: безнравственность (immorality, in ethical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• шаровой подшипник - Ball bearing (a specific type of mechanical bearing).
• держать направление - To hold a bearing/course (in navigation).
• достойное поведение - Dignified bearing/behavior (describing commendable conduct).

Usage Notes:

• The choice of Russian translation for "bearing" depends heavily on context. Use "подшипник" strictly for mechanical components, "направление" for navigational or directional senses, and "поведение" for personal demeanor or conduct.
• "Подшипник" is a specialized term and may not be familiar to non-technical speakers; it’s rarely used metaphorically.
• "Направление" can be abstract (e.g., "direction of thought") or concrete (e.g., "bearing on a compass").
• "Поведение" often implies a pattern of behavior rather than a momentary action, unlike some English uses of "bearing".

Common Errors:

• Mixing Contexts: English learners often use "подшипник" when intending to describe behavior or direction. Incorrect: "Его подшипник был странным" (His bearing was strange). Correct: "Его поведение было странным".
• Overusing "направление": Learners may overuse "направление" for any sense of "bearing". Incorrect: "Направление в машине сломалось" (The bearing in the car broke). Correct: "Подшипник в машине сломался".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the concept of "поведение" (behavior/bearing) is often tied to social norms and expectations. A person's "bearing" in public settings can be a significant indicator of their upbringing or status, and Russians may place more emphasis on formal demeanor in professional contexts compared to some Western cultures.

Related Concepts:

• механизм (mechanism)
• компас (compass)
• этикет (etiquette)