Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stigmatize'

English Word: stigmatize

Key Russian Translations:

• стигматизировать [IPA: stʲɪɡmətʲɪzʲɪrəvətʲ] - [Formal, used in academic or social contexts]
• дискриминировать [IPA: dʲɪskrimʲɪnʲɪrəvətʲ] - [Formal, often interchangeable but with a stronger legal connotation]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is commonly encountered in discussions of social issues, psychology, and media, but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugation and nuanced social concepts. For 'стигматизировать', it's B2 due to its borrowed nature; for 'дискриминировать', it's also B2 as it involves formal register.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стигматизировать: [stʲɪɡmətʲɪzʲɪrəvətʲ]

дискриминировать: [dʲɪskrimʲɪnʲɪrəvətʲ]

Note on стигматизировать: The stress falls on the third syllable ('tʲɪ'), and the word is a loanword from English, so pronunciation may vary slightly in informal speech. Pay attention to the soft consonants for accurate articulation.

Audio: []

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval (e.g., based on characteristics like mental health or social status)

Translation(s) & Context:

• стигматизировать - Used in formal contexts like psychological discussions or social media debates, emphasizing the imposition of a negative label.
• дискриминировать - Applied in legal or societal contexts where unequal treatment is implied, often in professional or policy-related conversations.

Usage Examples:

• Общество часто стигматизирует людей с психическими расстройствами, игнорируя их нужды.

  Society often stigmatizes people with mental disorders, ignoring their needs. (This example shows the verb in a present-tense social critique.)

• В некоторых культурах родители стигматизируют детей за выбор нетрадиционной карьеры.

  In some cultures, parents stigmatize children for choosing a non-traditional career. (Illustrates familial and cultural contexts with the verb in present tense.)

• Медиа стигматизировала знаменитость, распространяя ложные слухи о её личной жизни.

  The media stigmatized the celebrity by spreading false rumors about her personal life. (Demonstrates use in past tense for media-related scenarios.)

• Чтобы бороться с эпидемией, правительство должно перестать стигматизировать пациентов с ВИЧ.

  To combat the epidemic, the government must stop stigmatizing patients with HIV. (Shows infinitive form in a call-to-action context.)

• Врачи стигматизируют курящих пациентов, что мешает им искать помощь.

  Doctors stigmatize smoking patients, which prevents them from seeking help. (Highlights present tense in a healthcare setting with a cause-effect structure.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs of the first conjugation in Russian, which follow regular patterns but can have irregularities due to their borrowed nature. 'Стигматизировать' and 'дискриминировать' are transitive verbs that change based on tense, aspect, person, and number.

Note: These verbs do not have perfective aspects in standard usage; they are imperfective. They remain regular but may require context for aspectual pairs if needed.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • осуждать (osuzhdat' - implies moral condemnation, often less formal than стигматизировать)
  • предосудительно относиться (predosuditel'no otnosit'sya - a phrase for general disapproval, with nuances in interpersonal contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • одобрять (odobryat' - to approve or endorse)
  • поддерживать (podderzhivat' - to support, contrasting with negative labeling)

Related Phrases:

• Социальная стигма (Sotsial'naya stigmas) - Refers to the collective negative perception of a group or behavior in society.
• Навешивать ярлыки (Naveshivat' yarlyki) - Means "to label negatively," often used in psychological or social discussions as a fixed expression.
• Культурная дискриминация (Kul'turnaya diskriminatsiya) - Describes "cultural discrimination," highlighting systemic biases.

Usage Notes:

'Стигматизировать' is a direct calque from English and is best used in formal, written contexts like academic papers or news articles, while 'дискриминировать' may be preferred in legal settings due to its implications of active inequality. English speakers should note that Russian verbs require agreement in person, number, and gender, so always conjugate based on the subject (e.g., use feminine forms for female subjects). When choosing between translations, opt for 'стигматизировать' for psychological stigma and 'дискриминировать' for legal discrimination to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'стигматизировать' with 'дискриминировать': Learners might use 'стигматизировать' in legal contexts where 'дискриминировать' is more appropriate, e.g., Incorrect: "Закон стигматизирует меньшинства" (The law stigmatizes minorities) vs. Correct: "Закон дискриминирует меньшинства" (The law discriminates against minorities). Explanation: 'Стигматизировать' focuses on social perception, not legal action.

• Improper conjugation: A common mistake is using the infinitive form in sentences, e.g., Incorrect: "Я стигматизировать это" vs. Correct: "Я стигматизирую это" (I stigmatize this). Explanation: Russian verbs must be conjugated; always match the subject.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'стигматизировать' often relate to historical and social issues, such as the stigma around mental health or Soviet-era labeling of dissidents. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on collective norms, where individual differences can be viewed negatively, making these terms crucial for understanding modern Russian social dynamics.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (diskriminatsiya)
• социальная норма (sotsial'naya norma)
• психическое здоровье (psikhicheskoye zdorov'ye)