Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'sonic'

English Word: sonic

Key Russian Translations:

• звуковой [zvuˈkovɨj] - [Adjective, General use]
• сверхзвуковой [svʲɪrxˈzvuˈkovɨj] - [Adjective, Specific to supersonic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in technical, scientific, and everyday contexts related to sound or speed)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian adjectives and their declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

звуковой: [zvuˈkovɨj]

сверхзвуковой: [svʲɪrxˈzvuˈkovɨj]

Note on звуковой: The stress falls on the second syllable; be careful with the "zv" cluster, which is pronounced as a voiced fricative.

Note on сверхзвуковой: This word has a complex consonant cluster at the beginning; practice the "svʲɪr" sound for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Related to sound or auditory phenomena

Translation(s) & Context:

• звуковой - Used in general contexts for anything pertaining to sound, such as in technology or physics (e.g., sonic waves).

Usage Examples:

• Звуковой сигнал предупреждения разнёсся по всему зданию.

  The sonic warning signal echoed throughout the building.

• Этот прибор измеряет звуковые волны с высокой точностью.

  This device measures sonic waves with high accuracy.

• В фильме использовали звуковые эффекты для создания атмосферы.

  In the movie, they used sonic effects to create the atmosphere.

• Звуковой дизайн концерта был просто потрясающим.

  The sonic design of the concert was absolutely stunning.

Meaning 2: Related to supersonic speed (faster than sound)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сверхзвуковой - Used in contexts involving speed, aviation, or physics (e.g., supersonic aircraft).

Usage Examples:

• Сверхзвуковой самолёт преодолел звуковой барьер за считанные минуты.

  The sonic jet broke the sound barrier in just a few minutes.

• Инженеры разрабатывают сверхзвуковые двигатели для будущих миссий.

  Engineers are developing sonic engines for future missions.

• Полёт на сверхзвуковой скорости требует специальной подготовки.

  Flying at sonic speed requires special training.

• Сверхзвуковой бум может быть слышен на большом расстоянии.

  The sonic boom can be heard from a great distance.

• В музее выставлен сверхзвуковой прототип из 1960-х годов.

  The museum displays a sonic prototype from the 1960s.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "звуковой" and "сверхзвуковой" are adjectives in Russian, which follow standard adjectival declension patterns. Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. They are declined based on the standard paradigm for hard-stem adjectives.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular forms; they change predictably based on the noun's gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for звуковой: акустический (acoustic), звуковой же (sound-related variant)
• Synonyms for сверхзвуковой: гиперзвуковой (hypersonic), ультразвуковой (ultrasonic, though with a different nuance)
• Antonyms for звуковой: бесшумный (silent)
• Antonyms for сверхзвуковой: дозвуковой (subsonic)

Related Phrases:

• Звуковой барьер (Sonic barrier) - Refers to the speed at which an object travels faster than sound.
• Звуковая волна (Sonic wave) - A wave of sound energy, commonly used in physics.
• Сверхзвуковой полёт (Sonic flight) - Flight at speeds greater than that of sound, often in aviation contexts.
• Звуковой эффект (Sonic effect) - Audio enhancements in media or performances.

Usage Notes:

"Звуковой" is the most direct translation for "sonic" in the context of sound, while "сверхзвуковой" is specifically for supersonic applications. Use "звуковой" in everyday or technical discussions about audio, but opt for "сверхзвуковой" when referring to high-speed phenomena. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: always decline the adjective to match the noun's case, gender, and number. In formal writing, these terms are preferred in scientific contexts, whereas informal speech might simplify to more common expressions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., saying "звуковой волны" instead of "звуковой волны" (wait, that's correct—example: incorrectly using "звуковой" in genitive as "звуковой" when it should be "звуковой" for nominative). Correct: Use "звуковой волны" for genitive. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns; beginners often treat them as invariable like in English.
• Error: Confusing "звуковой" with "сверхзвуковой" in non-speed contexts, e.g., saying "сверхзвуковой музыка" for "sonic music." Correct: Use "звуковая музыка." Explanation: This mixes meanings; "сверхзвуковой" implies supersonic, not just sound-related.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "сверхзвуковой" evoke the legacy of Soviet aviation achievements, such as the MiG and Tupolev aircraft that broke sonic barriers during the Cold War. This adds a layer of national pride, often referenced in media or education to highlight technological prowess.

Related Concepts:

• акустика (acoustics)
• ультразвук (ultrasound)
• гиперзвуковой (hypersonic)
• шум (noise)