Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'resilient'

English Word: resilient

Key Russian Translations:

• стойкий /stoˈikʲij/ - [Formal, used in contexts emphasizing endurance or firmness]
• устойчивый /usˈtojiʲivɨj/ - [Informal, often in scientific or adaptive contexts]
• эластичный /jeˈlastʲiʧnɨj/ - [Technical, specifically for physical resilience]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in literature, psychology, and everyday discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic adjectives).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, requiring understanding of adjective inflections; for 'стойкий', it's B2, while 'устойчивый' might be B1 in simpler contexts).

Pronunciation (Russian):

стойкий: /stoˈikʲij/

устойчивый: /usˈtojiʲivɨj/

эластичный: /jeˈlastʲiʧnɨj/

Note on стойкий: The 'й' sound is a palatalized consonant, which can be tricky for English speakers; it's similar to the 'y' in 'yes' but shorter. Stress is on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Ability to recover quickly from difficulties (e.g., emotional or physical bounce-back)

Translation(s) & Context:

• стойкий - Used in formal or psychological contexts, such as describing mental strength in adversity.
• устойчивый - Informal, often in environmental or economic resilience discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Он оказался стойким в трудных обстоятельствах.

  He turned out to be resilient in difficult circumstances.

• Её стойкость помогла ей преодолеть кризис.

  Her resilience helped her overcome the crisis.

• В этом регионе устойчивые экосистемы быстро восстанавливаются после пожаров.

  In this region, resilient ecosystems recover quickly after fires.

• Дети часто проявляют стойкость, адаптируясь к новым условиям.

  Children often show resilience by adapting to new conditions.

Meaning 2: Physically flexible or elastic (e.g., materials that return to shape)

Translation(s) & Context:

• эластичный - Technical or scientific contexts, emphasizing material properties.
• стойкий - Less common, but used metaphorically for durable items.

Usage Examples:

• Этот материал эластичный и не ломается при ударе.

  This material is resilient and doesn't break upon impact.

• Резина – эластичный материал, который возвращается в исходную форму.

  Rubber is a resilient material that returns to its original shape.

• В инженерии стойкие конструкции предназначены для землетрясений.

  In engineering, resilient structures are designed for earthquakes.

• Эластичные волокна делают ткань стойкой к износу.

  Resilient fibers make the fabric resistant to wear.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For adjectives like 'стойкий' and 'устойчивый', Russian adjectives inflect based on gender, number, and case. 'Эластичный' follows similar patterns.

Note: These are regular adjective inflections. If the word is used predicatively, it may not inflect as strictly.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • прочный (prochnyy) - More about physical durability, with a connotation of strength.
  • адаптивный (adaptivnyy) - Focuses on adaptability, often in modern or tech contexts.
  • непоколебимый (nepokolebimyy) - Emphasizes unshakeable resolve, slightly more formal.
• Antonyms:
  • хрупкий (khrupkiy) - Fragile, opposite in physical resilience.
  • уязвимый (uyazvimyy) - Vulnerable, especially in emotional or systemic contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Быть стойким к изменениям - To be resilient to changes; used in personal development or business contexts.
• Устойчивый рост - Sustainable growth; common in economics, implying long-term resilience.
• Эластичный подход - A flexible approach; refers to adaptable strategies in problem-solving.
• Стойкость характера - Resilience of character; often in psychological or literary discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Resilient' translates variably in Russian based on context: use 'стойкий' for emotional or moral endurance, 'устойчивый' for stability in systems, and 'эластичный' for physical properties. In formal writing, opt for 'стойкий' to match the English nuance of inner strength. Be mindful of gender and case agreements in sentences, as Russian adjectives must inflect. For example, when describing a female subject, change to 'стойкая'. This word is versatile but avoid overusing it in casual speech where simpler terms like 'сильный' might suffice.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'стойкий' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "Она стойкий" instead of "Она стойкая". Correct: "Она стойкая человек" (She is a resilient person). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.

• Error: Confusing 'стойкий' with 'устойчивый' in emotional contexts, e.g., using "устойчивый" for personal resilience. Correct: Use 'стойкий' for human traits; 'устойчивый' is better for abstract or environmental resilience. Explanation: This can lead to unnatural phrasing, as 'устойчивый' implies stability rather than recovery.

• Error: Omitting the need for context in translation, e.g., directly translating as 'эластичный' for non-physical resilience. Correct: Assess the context and choose accordingly. Explanation: Learners often overlook semantic shades, resulting in imprecise communication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'стойкий' often carry connotations from historical contexts, such as the resilience shown during World War II or the Soviet era, emphasizing endurance in the face of adversity. This can add a layer of national pride or stoicism to its usage, making it more than just a descriptor—it's tied to themes of survival and perseverance in Russian literature and media.

Related Concepts:

• адаптация (adaptation)
• прочность (durability)
• выносливость (endurance)
• уязвимость (vulnerability)