Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'premeditated'

English Word: premeditated

Key Russian Translations:

• преднамеренный [prʲɪdnaˈmʲerʲɪnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective used in legal contexts]
• замысленный [zəmɨˈslʲenɨj] - [Formal, Less common, often in literary or narrative contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, criminal, and formal discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding adjective inflections and legal nuances; for 'замысленный', it may be B2 as well due to similar complexity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

преднамеренный: [prʲɪdnaˈmʲerʲɪnɨj]

замысленный: [zəmɨˈslʲenɨj]

Note on преднамеренный: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in rapid speech may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Planned or done deliberately in advance, often with intent (e.g., in crimes or actions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• преднамеренный - Used in formal legal or official contexts, such as describing intentional acts in court proceedings.
• замысленный - Applied in narrative or literary contexts to imply a preconceived plot, less formal than преднамеренный.

Usage Examples:

• В суде было установлено, что преступление было преднамеренным, так как обвиняемый тщательно спланировал свои действия.

  In court, it was established that the crime was premeditated, as the defendant carefully planned his actions.

• Её замысленный план мести раскрылся только после того, как она выполнила все шаги.

  Her premeditated plan for revenge was revealed only after she carried out all the steps.

• Преднамеренное причинение вреда считается более серьёзным преступлением, чем случайное.

  Premeditated harm is considered a more serious crime than accidental harm.

• В романе герой разрабатывает замысленный заговор против врагов, что приводит к трагедии.

  In the novel, the hero devises a premeditated plot against his enemies, leading to tragedy.

• Обвинители доказали, что убийство было преднамеренным, опираясь на записи телефонных разговоров.

  Prosecutors proved that the murder was premeditated, based on recorded phone conversations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'преднамеренный' and 'замысленный' are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect for gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify. 'Преднамеренный' is a regular adjective, while 'замысленный' follows similar rules with no irregularities.

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form but must agree with the noun in all aspects. If the noun is invariant, the adjective remains as above.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • умышленный (umyšlennyj) - Similar to преднамеренный, often used in legal contexts; implies intent without as much emphasis on planning.
  • намеренный (namerennyj) - More general, used for deliberate actions in everyday situations.
• Antonyms:
  • случайный (slučajnyj) - Accidental or unintentional.
  • непреднамеренный (neprednamerennый) - Not planned, directly opposite to преднамеренный.

Related Phrases:

• Преднамеренное убийство - Premeditated murder; used in legal contexts to denote a planned killing.
• Замысленный заговор - Premeditated conspiracy; common in literary or historical narratives.
• Преднамеренная ложь - Premeditated lie; implies a deliberate falsehood in ethical discussions.

Usage Notes:

Use 'преднамеренный' when translating 'premeditated' in formal or legal English contexts, as it best captures the idea of prior planning and intent. 'Замысленный' is more suitable for creative or storytelling scenarios where the focus is on scheming. Be aware of the adjective's need to agree with the noun in gender, number, and case in Russian sentences. In everyday Russian, these words are rare outside formal settings, so English learners should practice with legal texts. When choosing between translations, opt for 'преднамеренный' if the context involves consequences or morality, and 'замысленный' for abstract or plotted events.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'преднамеренный' with 'случайный': English learners often misuse 'преднамеренный' in contexts where an action is accidental. Incorrect: "Это было преднамеренное столкновение" (when it was actually an accident). Correct: "Это было случайное столкновение". Explanation: Always verify intent before using 'преднамеренный' to avoid implying deliberate action where none exists.

• Forgetting adjective agreement: A common mistake is using the masculine form with a feminine noun, e.g., Incorrect: "преднамеренный атака" (should be 'преднамеренная атака'). Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, so double-check the noun's form first.

• Overusing 'замысленный' in legal contexts: Learners might apply it where 'преднамеренный' is more appropriate, e.g., Incorrect: "замысленный кража" in a court document. Correct: "преднамеренная кража". Explanation: 'Замысленный' sounds literary and may not convey the same legal weight.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, terms like 'преднамеренный' are heavily influenced by Soviet-era criminal codes, where intent plays a crucial role in sentencing. For instance, premeditated crimes often carry harsher penalties, reflecting a cultural emphasis on personal responsibility and moral accountability in society.

Related Concepts:

• умышленное преступление
• намеренная вина
• случайная ошибка