Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prejudice'

English Word: prejudice

Key Russian Translations:

• предубеждение [prʲɪˈdubʲɪʐdʲɪnʲɪjə] - [Formal, used in discussions of social or psychological contexts]
• предрассудок [prʲɪdrɐˈsʲudək] - [Informal, often implies superstition or outdated bias]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, social, and media discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and nuanced vocabulary; for 'предубеждение', it's B2, while 'предрассудок' might be A2 for basic forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предубеждение: [prʲɪˈdubʲɪʐdʲɪnʲɪjə]

предрассудок: [prʲɪdrɐˈsʲudək]

Note on предубеждение: The stress is on the fourth syllable; be careful with the soft consonants, which can be tricky for English speakers due to Russian palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Unfair preconceived judgment or opinion

Translation(s) & Context:

• предубеждение - Used in formal contexts like psychology, law, or social discussions to describe deep-seated biases.
• предрассудок - Applied in everyday or informal settings, often with a connotation of irrationality or cultural stereotypes.

Usage Examples:

• Его предубеждение против новых идей помешало прогрессу компании.

  His prejudice against new ideas hindered the company's progress.

• В обществе всё ещё существуют предрассудки, основанные на этнических различиях.

  In society, there are still prejudices based on ethnic differences.

• Предубеждение может быть преодолено через образование и открытый диалог.

  Prejudice can be overcome through education and open dialogue.

• Её предрассудок о технологиях устарел и не отражает реальности.

  Her prejudice about technology is outdated and doesn't reflect reality.

• Предубеждения в отношении гендерных ролей всё ещё влияют на карьерные выборы.

  Prejudices regarding gender roles still influence career choices.

Discriminatory attitude or behavior

Translation(s) & Context:

• предубеждение - In contexts involving discrimination, such as racial or social issues, emphasizing systemic bias.

Usage Examples:

• Предубеждение на основе расы является серьёзной проблемой в современном мире.

  Prejudice based on race is a serious issue in the modern world.

• Она боролась с предубеждением в своей профессии, доказывая свой профессионализм.

  She fought against prejudice in her profession by proving her expertise.

• Предрассудок часто приводит к дискриминации в повседневной жизни.

  Prejudice often leads to discrimination in everyday life.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'предубеждение' and 'предрассудок' are nouns. 'Предубеждение' is a neuter noun of the second declension, while 'предрассудок' is a masculine noun of the second declension. They follow standard Russian inflection patterns for nouns, with changes in cases and numbers.

These nouns do not have irregular inflections but follow standard patterns; note the vowel changes in plural forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предрассудок (similar to 'предубеждение' but often implies more irrational beliefs)
  • стереотип (focuses on generalized assumptions, common in media contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • толерантность (tolerance, emphasizing openness)
  • объективность (objectivity, highlighting impartiality)

Related Phrases:

• Бороться с предубеждениями - Fight against prejudices; used in social activism contexts.
• Преодолевать предрассудок - Overcome prejudice; common in personal development discussions.
• Предубеждение на основе пола - Prejudice based on gender; refers to gender bias in equality debates.

Usage Notes:

'Предубеждение' is the most direct translation for 'prejudice' in formal English contexts, such as legal or academic writing, while 'предрассудок' is better for informal or cultural biases. English speakers should note that Russian often requires specifying the case (e.g., genitive for possession), which can affect word endings. Choose 'предубеждение' for systemic issues and 'предрассудок' for everyday misconceptions. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these words can carry emotional weight, so use them carefully in conversations.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'предубеждение' with 'предрассудок': English learners might use 'предрассудок' interchangeably, but it's less formal. Incorrect: "Его предрассудок против женщин" (in a professional report). Correct: "Его предубеждение против женщин" – Explanation: 'Предрассудок' implies superstition, which may not fit serious contexts.

• Improper inflection: Forgetting case changes, e.g., using nominative in genitive contexts. Incorrect: "Из-за предубеждение" (should be genitive). Correct: "Из-за предубеждения" – Explanation: Russian requires agreement with prepositions, so always check the case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'предубеждение' often relates to historical contexts like Soviet-era prejudices against certain ethnic groups, which still influence modern discussions on nationalism and diversity. Understanding this can help English users grasp the deeper emotional and historical connotations in Russian media and literature.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (discrimination)
• стереотип (stereotype)
• толерантность (tolerance)