Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'misconduct'

English Word: misconduct

Key Russian Translations:

• проступок [ˈprostʊpək] - [Formal, often used in legal or disciplinary contexts]
• нарушение [nɐˈruʂənʲje] - [Formal, especially in official or regulatory scenarios]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in formal writing, legal documents, and discussions of ethics or discipline)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and context-specific usage, based on CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

проступок: [ˈprostʊpək]

Note on проступок: Stress falls on the first syllable; the 'у' sound is a short 'u' as in 'put'. Be mindful of the soft 'п' in rapid speech.

нарушение: [nɐˈruʂənʲje]

Note on нарушение: The 'ш' is a voiceless retroflex fricative; pronunciation may vary slightly in dialects, with emphasis on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Wrongful or improper behavior, often in professional, ethical, or legal contexts

Translation(s) & Context:

• проступок - Used for minor ethical lapses or misconduct in everyday or institutional settings, such as workplace errors.
• нарушение - Applied to breaches of rules or laws, emphasizing a more formal or regulatory context.

Usage Examples:

• В университете студента отстранили за дисциплинарный проступок.

  In the university, the student was suspended for disciplinary misconduct.

• Его увольнение было вызвано неоднократными нарушениями кодекса поведения.

  His dismissal was due to repeated violations of the code of conduct.

• Проступок менеджера повлиял на репутацию всей компании.

  The manager's misconduct affected the reputation of the entire company.

• Суд рассмотрит это нарушение как серьёзное проступок против общественных норм.

  The court will consider this violation as serious misconduct against public norms.

• В армии любое нарушение дисциплины считается проступком, подлежащим наказанию.

  In the army, any breach of discipline is regarded as misconduct subject to punishment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "проступок" and "нарушение" are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard declension patterns. "Проступок" is a third-declension noun with regular changes, while "нарушение" is also regular but may vary slightly based on context.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular inflections, but always adjust based on gender, number, and case in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • плохое поведение (slight nuance: more general and less formal than проступок)
  • неправильный поступок (used in moral or ethical discussions, emphasizing intent)
• Antonyms:
  • правильное поведение (correct behavior, opposite in ethical contexts)
  • законопослушность (law-abiding nature, especially contrasting with нарушение)

Related Phrases:

• Дисциплинарный проступок - A disciplinary offense, often in professional or educational settings.
• Нарушение этических норм - Violation of ethical standards, referring to misconduct in moral contexts.
• Служебный проступок - Official misconduct, commonly used in administrative or governmental scenarios.

Usage Notes:

"Проступок" and "нарушение" both translate to "misconduct" but are chosen based on context: use "проступок" for personal or ethical lapses, and "нарушение" for legal breaches. In Russian, these nouns must agree in case, number, and gender with other elements in the sentence. For example, in formal writing, pair them with verbs like "совершить" (to commit) to emphasize action. English speakers should note that Russian often requires specifying the type of misconduct for clarity, unlike the more general English term.

• Avoid overusing in casual speech; these are formal terms.
• When selecting between translations, consider the severity: "нарушение" implies a rule-based breach, while "проступок" is broader.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "проступок" with "преступление" (crime): Learners might use "проступок" for serious offenses. Error: "Он совершил преступление, но я сказал проступок." Correct: "Он совершил преступление." Explanation: "Проступок" is for minor misconduct, not felonies.
• Improper declension: Forgetting to change the noun in different cases, e.g., saying "о проступок" instead of "о проступке." Error: "Разговор о проступок." Correct: "Разговор о проступке." Explanation: Russian requires genitive case after prepositions like "о."
• Overgeneralizing: Using "нарушение" in personal contexts where "проступок" fits better. Error: "Его нарушение в семье." Correct: "Его проступок в семье." Explanation: "Нарушение" is more formal and rule-oriented.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal systems, terms like "проступок" often carry implications from Soviet-era discipline, where minor misconduct could lead to significant repercussions in workplaces or education. This reflects a broader emphasis on collective responsibility and state regulations, helping English speakers understand why such words are prevalent in discussions of social norms.

Related Concepts:

• преступление (crime)
• дисциплина (discipline)
• этика (ethics)