Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'migratory'

English Word: migratory

Key Russian Translations:

• мигрирующий [mʲɪɡrʲɪˈrujʊɕːɪj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• перелетный [pʲɪrʲɪˈlʲɛtnɨj] - [Informal, Specific to animal migration, e.g., birds]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, environmental, and travel contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective forms and migration-related vocabulary; for 'мигрирующий', B2; for 'перелетный', B1)

Pronunciation (Russian):

мигрирующий: [mʲɪɡrʲɪˈrujʊɕːɪj]

перелетный: [pʲɪrʲɪˈlʲɛtnɨj]

Note on мигрирующий: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the soft 'r' sound, which is common in Russian adjectives derived from verbs.

Note on перелетный: This word has a clear 'e' sound; it's easier for beginners but pay attention to the palatalized 'l'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the seasonal movement of animals, especially birds, from one region to another.

Translation(s) & Context:

• перелетный - Used in contexts describing bird migration, such as in wildlife documentaries or nature discussions.
• мигрирующий - More general, applicable to any migrating species, often in formal or scientific writing.

Usage Examples:

• Весной перелетные птицы возвращаются в свои гнезда. (In spring, migratory birds return to their nests.)

  English: In spring, migratory birds return to their nests.

• Мигрирующие животные адаптируются к новым условиям в поисках пищи. (Migratory animals adapt to new conditions in search of food.)

  English: Migratory animals adapt to new conditions in search of food. This example shows the word in a broader ecological context.

• Перелетный путь уток пролегает через несколько стран. (The migratory route of ducks passes through several countries.)

  English: The migratory route of ducks passes through several countries. Here, it highlights geographical aspects.

• Мигрирующий народ кочует из одного региона в другой из-за климатических изменений. (The migratory people move from one region to another due to climate changes.)

  English: The migratory people move from one region to another due to climate changes. This demonstrates use beyond animals, in human contexts.

Meaning 2: Pertaining to human migration or nomadic lifestyles.

Translation(s) & Context:

• мигрирующий - Used for people or groups that move seasonally or permanently, in sociological or historical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Мигрирующие рабочие часто сталкиваются с трудностями при переезде. (Migratory workers often face challenges when relocating.)

  English: Migratory workers often face challenges when relocating. This shows the word in a social or labor context.

• В истории мигрирующие племена оставили след в культуре региона. (In history, migratory tribes left a mark on the region's culture.)

  English: In history, migratory tribes left a mark on the region's culture. This example illustrates historical usage.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'мигрирующий' and 'перелетный' are adjectives in Russian, which typically follow patterns of short and long forms, and agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. They are regular adjectives.

These adjectives do not have irregular inflections; they follow standard Russian adjective paradigms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • кочующий (kochuushchiy) - Similar to migratory, often for nomadic human groups; more archaic.
  • переходящий (perekhodyashchiy) - Used for temporary or shifting movements.
• Antonyms:
  • оседлый (osedlyy) - Sedentary or settled, opposite of migratory lifestyles.
  • стационарный (stantsionarniy) - Stationary, used in scientific contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Перелетные птицы (Migratory birds) - Refers to birds that migrate seasonally; used in environmental discussions.
• Мигрирующие рабочие (Migratory workers) - Describes laborers who move for work; common in socio-economic contexts.
• Сезонная миграция (Seasonal migration) - A phrase for periodic animal or human movements; implies temporary relocation.

Usage Notes:

'Мигрирующий' is a direct cognate from the English 'migratory' and is preferred in formal or academic settings, while 'перелетный' is more specific to avian migration and sounds more natural in everyday Russian. Choose based on context: use 'мигрирующий' for general or human migration to maintain precision. Be aware of gender agreement in sentences, as Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, number, and case. For example, it's less common in informal speech, so in casual conversations, Russians might opt for descriptive phrases instead.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'мигрирующий' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "мигрирующий женщина" instead of "мигрирующая женщина". Correct: Always inflect the adjective to match the noun's gender (feminine here). Explanation: Russian requires agreement, unlike English, which can lead to confusion for learners.

• Error: Confusing 'перелетный' with general migration, e.g., using it for human migration. Correct: Use 'мигрирующий' for humans; 'перелетный' is bird-specific. Explanation: This misuse can make the sentence inaccurate or humorous in context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'перелетные птицы' often evoke themes of seasonal change and folklore, such as in stories about birds returning in spring, symbolizing renewal. Migration concepts are tied to Russia's vast geography, where nomadic traditions among indigenous peoples like the Nenets highlight historical adaptations to harsh climates.

Related Concepts:

• Миграция (Migration)
• Кочевание (Nomadism)
• Перелет (Flight or migration route)