Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'intoxication'

English Word: intoxication

Key Russian Translations:

• опьянение [ɐˈpʲjanʲɪnʲe] - [Informal, often used in everyday contexts related to alcohol]
• интоксикация [ɪntɐksʲɪˈkat͡sɨjə] - [Formal, primarily in medical or scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations appear regularly in literature, media, and conversations, especially in health and social discussions, but not as common as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and context-specific usage, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опьянение: [ɐˈpʲjanʲɪnʲe]

Note on опьянение: The stress is on the second syllable. Pay attention to the palatalized 'пʲ' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers; it's softer than a standard 'p'.

интоксикация: [ɪntɐksʲɪˈkat͡sɨjə]

Note on интоксикация: This word has a borrowed structure from Latin/Greek roots, so the pronunciation is relatively straightforward for English learners, but ensure the 'т͡s' is a soft affricate sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The state of being drunk or under the influence of alcohol

Translation(s) & Context:

• опьянение - Used in informal, everyday situations to describe alcohol-induced intoxication, such as in social or legal contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он пришел домой в состоянии опьянения после вечеринки.

  He came home in a state of intoxication after the party.

• Опьянение от вина сделало его веселым и разговорчивым.

  Intoxication from wine made him cheerful and talkative.

• Водитель был остановлен полицией из-за подозрения в опьянении.

  The driver was stopped by the police due to suspicion of intoxication.

• После нескольких стаканов она почувствовала легкое опьянение.

  After a few glasses, she felt a slight intoxication.

Meaning 2: The state of being poisoned or affected by toxins (medical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• интоксикация - Used in formal, scientific, or medical settings to refer to poisoning from substances like chemicals or food.

Usage Examples:

• Пациент был госпитализирован с симптомами пищевой интоксикации.

  The patient was hospitalized with symptoms of food intoxication.

• Интоксикация от химических веществ может привести к серьезным осложнениям.

  Intoxication from chemicals can lead to serious complications.

• Врачи диагностировали интоксикацию после анализа крови.

  Doctors diagnosed intoxication after a blood analysis.

• Профилактика интоксикации включает осторожное обращение с ядами.

  Prevention of intoxication involves careful handling of poisons.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are neuter nouns in Russian, which follow standard declension patterns. опьянение is a common noun with regular inflections, while интоксикация, being a borrowed word, also inflects regularly but may vary slightly in formal contexts.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them relatively straightforward for learners at B1 level.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • хмель (khmel) - Specifically for alcohol-induced state, with a poetic connotation.
  • отравление (otravlenie) - For poisoning, overlapping with интоксикация in medical contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • трезвость (trezvost) - Sobriety, directly opposite to опьянение.
  • здоровье (zdorovye) - Health, contrasting with интоксикация in medical scenarios.

Related Phrases:

• алкогольное опьянение - Alcoholic intoxication; used in legal or health discussions.
• пищевая интоксикация - Food intoxication; refers to poisoning from contaminated food.
• токсическая интоксикация - Toxic intoxication; a formal phrase for chemical poisoning.

Usage Notes:

опьянение is the more colloquial choice for everyday English "intoxication" related to alcohol, while интоксикация is preferred in formal or medical contexts to avoid ambiguity. English speakers should note that Russian requires careful attention to case and gender agreements; for example, use the genitive case when indicating cause, like "от опьянения" (from intoxication). If the context involves social or legal issues, opt for опьянение; for health-related topics, интоксикация is more accurate.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse опьянение with отравление, thinking they are identical. Error: Using отравление for alcohol intoxication. Correct: опьянение for alcohol-related cases, as отравление implies deliberate poisoning. Explanation: This can lead to misunderstandings in casual conversations.
• Another error is neglecting noun declensions, e.g., saying "в опьянение" instead of "в состоянии опьянения." Correct: Always use the appropriate case, like prepositional for locations. Explanation: Russian grammar demands precision, which differs from English's more flexible structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, опьянение is often linked to social traditions like toasts at gatherings or holidays, reflecting a historical acceptance of alcohol in community events. However, интоксикация highlights public health concerns, such as campaigns against substance abuse, influenced by Russia's complex history with alcoholism.

Related Concepts:

• наркотическое опьянение (drug-induced intoxication)
• токсичность (toxicity)
• алкоголизм (alcoholism)