Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'glut'

English Word: glut

Key Russian Translations:

• избыток (/ɪzˈbɨtək/) - [Formal, used in economic or general contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in discussions of economics, supply chains, and everyday overabundance)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding noun declensions and common economic vocabulary in Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

избыток: /ɪzˈbɨtək/

Note on избыток: The stress falls on the second syllable ('bɨ'). Be mindful of the soft sign (ы), which can be tricky for English speakers as it's a back vowel not directly equivalent in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: An excessive supply or overabundance of something, often in economic or material contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• избыток - Used in formal writing, business discussions, or when describing market saturation (e.g., in economics or inventory management).

Usage Examples:

• В результате пандемии на рынке произошёл избыток медицинских масок.

  As a result of the pandemic, there was a glut of medical masks on the market.

• Избыток товаров на складе привёл к снижению цен.

  The glut of goods in the warehouse led to a decrease in prices.

• В сельском хозяйстве избыток урожая может создать проблемы для фермеров.

  In agriculture, a glut of harvest can create problems for farmers.

• Экономический избыток нефти повлиял на глобальные цены.

  The economic glut of oil affected global prices.

• Избыток информации в интернете затрудняет поиск нужных данных.

  The glut of information on the internet makes it hard to find the necessary data.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Избыток" is a masculine noun in Russian, belonging to the third declension. It follows standard patterns for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The word is regular in its declension, with no irregularities, making it straightforward for learners once basic noun patterns are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • переизбыток (slight emphasis on excess beyond normal, often in quantitative contexts)
  • профицит (more formal, implying surplus in financial or budgetary terms)
• Antonyms:
  • дефицит (shortage or deficit, commonly used in economics)
  • недостаток (lack or insufficiency, more general)

Related Phrases:

• экономический избыток - Economic glut (refers to an oversupply in markets, often leading to price drops).
• избыток предложения - Surplus of supply (a common phrase in business contexts to describe market imbalances).
• избыток энергии - Energy glut (used in discussions of power generation and consumption).

Usage Notes:

"Избыток" directly corresponds to the English "glut" in contexts of overabundance, but it's more commonly used in formal or technical settings like economics rather than casual conversation. When translating, ensure the context matches; for example, in everyday speech, Russians might opt for simpler phrases. If the "glut" is metaphorical (e.g., information overload), "избыток" works well, but consider cultural nuances where Russians may emphasize practicality. For multiple translations, choose "избыток" for general use and "переизбыток" for emphasis on excessiveness.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "избыток" with "излишек" (which means excess but implies something unnecessary or wasteful). Incorrect: Using "излишек" in a neutral economic context. Correct: Use "избыток" for a straightforward surplus. Explanation: "Излишек" carries a connotation of redundancy, so it might alter the intended meaning in professional discussions.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun properly in sentences. Incorrect: "В избыток товаров" (wrong case). Correct: "В избытке товаров" (prepositional case). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always check the sentence structure to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and media, terms like "избыток" often appear in discussions of economic policies, especially post-Soviet history where shortages were common, making the concept of a "glut" a relatively modern and positive shift. It can symbolize abundance in a society that has experienced scarcity, but it's also critiqued in environmental contexts for implying waste.

Related Concepts:

• спрос (demand)
• рынок (market)
• инфляция (inflation)