Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bump'

English Word: bump

Key Russian Translations:

• удар [ˈudar] - [Noun, Informal, General use for a hit or strike]
• шишка [ˈʂɨʂkə] - [Noun, Informal, Refers to a lump or swelling]
• толчок [tɐlˈtʂok] - [Noun, Neutral, Refers to a push or jolt]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday contexts)

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner to Intermediate, varies by context and translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

удар: [ˈudar]

Note on удар: Stress is on the first syllable; the 'r' is rolled slightly.

шишка: [ˈʂɨʂkə]

Note on шишка: The 'ш' sound is a retroflex fricative, distinct from English 'sh'.

толчок: [tɐlˈtʂok]

Note on толчок: Stress on the second syllable; 'ч' is a soft affricate sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physical Hit or Collision

Translation(s) & Context:

• удар - Used for a strike or impact, often intentional or forceful (e.g., a bump with a fist).
• толчок - Refers to a sudden push or jolt, often accidental (e.g., bumping into someone).

Usage Examples:

• Он получил удар в плечо.

  He got a bump on the shoulder.

• Автобус дал толчок, и я упал.

  The bus gave a bump, and I fell.

• Я случайно толкнул его локтем.

  I accidentally bumped him with my elbow.

2. Lump or Swelling

Translation(s) & Context:

• шишка - Refers to a physical bump on the body, often from an injury (e.g., a bump on the head).

Usage Examples:

• У него шишка на лбу после падения.

  He has a bump on his forehead after the fall.

• Эта шишка болит, надо к врачу.

  This bump hurts; I need to see a doctor.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

удар (Noun, Masculine):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	удар	удары
Genitive	удара	ударов
Dative	удару	ударам
Accusative	удар	удары
Instrumental	ударом	ударами
Prepositional	об ударе	об ударах

шишка (Noun, Feminine) and толчок (Noun, Masculine): Follow regular declension patterns for their respective genders. Detailed tables can be provided upon request.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for удар:

• стук
• толчок

Note: 'стук' often implies a lighter or sharper sound compared to 'удар'.

Antonyms for удар:

• покой (rest, peace)

Related Phrases:

• нанести удар - To deliver a blow (literal or metaphorical).
• шишка на ровном месте - A bump out of nowhere (idiom for an unexpected problem).
• дать толчок - To give a push (can mean to initiate or inspire something).

Usage Notes:

• 'удар' is more versatile and can be used metaphorically (e.g., a blow to one's pride), while 'толчок' is mostly physical or literal.
• 'шишка' is specific to physical lumps or swellings and is not interchangeable with the other terms.
• Choose the translation based on context: 'удар' for intentional hits, 'толчок' for accidental bumps, and 'шишка' for injuries or swellings.

Common Errors:

Error 1: Using 'шишка' to describe a collision or hit. Incorrect: "Я получил шишку в дверь" (intended: I bumped into the door). Correct: "Я получил толчок в дверь" or "Я ударился о дверь".

Explanation: 'шишка' refers to the result (a lump) of a bump, not the action itself.

Error 2: Misusing 'удар' in a casual context for a minor bump. Incorrect: "Я слегка ударил стол" (intended: I lightly bumped the table). Correct: "Я слегка толкнул стол".

Explanation: 'удар' implies a stronger or more intentional impact.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, the word 'шишка' can also colloquially refer to an important or influential person (e.g., "большая шишка" - a big shot). This metaphorical usage stems from the idea of something prominent or protruding, much like a bump.

Related Concepts:

• столкновение (collision)
• ушиб (bruise)
• травма (injury)