Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Articulate'

English Word: Articulate

Key Russian Translations:

• выражать [vɨrɐˈʐatʲ] - [Formal, Verb, Used for expressing thoughts or ideas]
• формулировать [fɐrmʊlʲɪˈrovatʲ] - [Formal, Verb, Used in structured or precise communication]
• членораздельно говорить [tɕɪlʲɪnɐrɐzˈdʲelnə gɐvɐˈrʲitʲ] - [Informal/Formal, Phrase, Used for clear speech]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in formal and academic contexts)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выражать: [vɨrɐˈʐatʲ]

Note on выражать: Stress falls on the second syllable; the 'ж' sound is a voiced retroflex fricative, unique to Russian.

формулировать: [fɐrmʊlʲɪˈrovatʲ]

Note on формулировать: Stress on the fourth syllable; ensure soft 'л' pronunciation.

членораздельно говорить: [tɕɪlʲɪnɐrɐzˈdʲelnə gɐvɐˈrʲitʲ]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To Express Clearly (Ideas, Thoughts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выражать - Commonly used to express thoughts, emotions, or opinions in a clear manner, often in writing or formal speech.
• формулировать - Used when precision and structure are emphasized, such as in academic or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Он умеет ясно выражать свои мысли.

  He knows how to clearly articulate his thoughts.

• Она формулирует свои идеи очень точно.

  She articulates her ideas very precisely.

• Я стараюсь выражать свои чувства честно.

  I try to articulate my feelings honestly.

2. To Speak Clearly (Pronunciation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• членораздельно говорить - Refers specifically to clear pronunciation or enunciation, often in the context of speech.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, говорите членораздельно, чтобы я понял.

  Please articulate clearly so I can understand.

• Учитель попросил учеников говорить членораздельно.

  The teacher asked the students to articulate clearly.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

выражать (Verb, Imperfective): Follows regular conjugation for first-conjugation verbs. Often used with accusative case for direct objects (e.g., мысли, чувства).

формулировать (Verb, Imperfective): Similar to выражать, follows regular conjugation patterns.

членораздельно говорить (Phrase): The adverb "членораздельно" does not change; "говорить" (to speak) follows regular second-conjugation rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for выражать/формулировать:

• излагать (to set forth, often in detail)
• объяснять (to explain, with emphasis on clarity)

Antonyms for выражать/формулировать:

• молчать (to be silent)
• скрывать (to conceal)

Related Phrases:

• выражать мнение - To express an opinion (used in discussions or debates).
• формулировать вопрос - To articulate a question (common in formal or academic contexts).
• говорить членораздельно и медленно - To articulate clearly and slowly (often in teaching or public speaking).

Usage Notes:

• "Выражать" is the most general term for "articulate" when referring to expressing ideas or emotions. It is versatile and can be used in both formal and informal contexts.
• "Формулировать" implies a higher degree of precision and is often used in technical, legal, or academic contexts. Avoid using it for casual speech.
• "Членораздельно говорить" is specific to clear speech or pronunciation and should not be used for expressing ideas metaphorically.
• Russian verbs like "выражать" and "формулировать" often require a direct object (e.g., мысли, идеи) to complete the meaning, unlike "articulate" in English, which can stand alone.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "формулировать" in casual conversation. Incorrect: "Я формулирую свои чувства." (sounds overly formal).
  Correct: "Я выражаю свои чувства." (natural and appropriate).
• Error: Omitting the direct object with "выражать." Incorrect: "Он выражает."
  Correct: "Он выражает своё мнение." (He articulates his opinion).
• Error: Misusing "членораздельно" for expressing ideas. Incorrect: "Членораздельно выражать мысли."
  Correct: "Членораздельно говорить."

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, articulating thoughts clearly, especially in formal or public settings, is highly valued. Using precise language (e.g., "формулировать") in debates or presentations reflects education and professionalism. However, overly formal language in casual settings may come across as stiff or distant.

Related Concepts:

• красноречие (eloquence)
• ясность (clarity)
• дискуссия (discussion)