Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'appropriation'

English Word: appropriation

Key Russian Translations:

• ассигнование /ɐsʲɪɡnɐˈvanʲɪje/ - [Formal, typically used in financial or official contexts]
• присвоение /prʲɪsvɐˈjenʲɪje/ - [Formal, often in legal or cultural contexts involving taking or claiming something]

Frequency: Medium (Common in professional, governmental, and academic discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for learners, as it involves understanding nuanced contexts; for 'ассигнование', it may lean towards B1 due to financial terminology, while 'присвоение' could be B2 due to legal implications)

Pronunciation (Russian):

ассигнование: /ɐsʲɪɡnɐˈvanʲɪje/

Note on ассигнование: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('va-'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'sʲ' sound; it's pronounced with a palatalized 's' as in 'measure'.

Audio: []

присвоение: /prʲɪsvɐˈjenʲɪje/

Note on присвоение: The initial 'prʲ' has a palatalized 'r' sound, similar to the 'r' in French 'rire'; stress is on the third syllable ('svo-'), and the word ends with a soft 'e' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Financial or budgetary allocation

Translation(s) & Context:

• ассигнование - Used in formal contexts like government budgets or funding approvals, emphasizing the allocation of resources.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство одобрило ассигнование средств на строительство новых школ.

  The government approved the appropriation of funds for building new schools.

• Ассигнование из федерального бюджета помогло финансировать научные исследования.

  The appropriation from the federal budget helped fund scientific research.

• Без дополнительного ассигнования проект может быть отложен на неопределенный срок.

  Without additional appropriation, the project might be delayed indefinitely.

• Парламент обсудил ассигнование на оборонные нужды в ежегодном отчете.

  The parliament discussed the appropriation for defense needs in the annual report.

Cultural or intellectual taking

Translation(s) & Context:

• присвоение - Applied in contexts involving the unauthorized adoption of ideas, culture, or property, such as cultural appropriation.

Usage Examples:

• Присвоение культурных элементов без понимания их происхождения часто вызывает споры.

  The appropriation of cultural elements without understanding their origins often sparks controversy.

• В искусстве присвоение стилей других культур может быть как вдохновением, так и проблемой.

  In art, the appropriation of styles from other cultures can be both inspiring and problematic.

• Присвоение интеллектуальной собственности без разрешения приводит к юридическим последствиям.

  The appropriation of intellectual property without permission leads to legal consequences.

• Обсуждение присвоения в СМИ подчеркивает необходимость уважения к оригинальным создателям.

  Discussions of appropriation in the media highlight the need to respect original creators.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'ассигнование' and 'присвоение' are neuter nouns in Russian, following standard patterns for third-declension nouns. They exhibit regular inflection based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining their key inflections:

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them straightforward for learners, but pay attention to the soft endings in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for ассигнование: финансирование (funding, more general), выделение (allocation, emphasizing distribution)
• Synonyms for присвоение: апроприация (direct borrowing from English, with slight formal nuance), узурпация (usurpation, implying forceful taking)
• Antonyms: изъятие (withdrawal or seizure), сокращение (reduction, especially in funding contexts)

Related Phrases:

• бюджетное ассигнование - A phrase for 'budget appropriation', commonly used in financial planning to refer to allocated funds in government budgets.
• культурное присвоение - Refers to 'cultural appropriation', highlighting the adoption of elements from one culture by another, often with ethical implications.
• присвоение прав - Means 'appropriation of rights', used in legal contexts for claiming intellectual or property rights.

Usage Notes:

'Ассигнование' directly corresponds to the financial sense of 'appropriation' in English and is best used in formal, official settings like business or government documents. Avoid it in casual conversation. For 'присвоение', it's more versatile for cultural or legal contexts but carries a negative connotation, similar to 'misappropriation' in English. When choosing between translations, opt for 'ассигнование' for monetary allocations and 'присвоение' for non-financial takings. Grammatically, these nouns require appropriate case agreement with prepositions, e.g., 'на ассигнование' for 'on appropriation'.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'ассигнование' with 'финансирование' and using them interchangeably. Correct: 'Ассигнование' specifically implies official allocation, while 'финансирование' is broader. Example: Incorrect - "Я финансирую проект" (if it means official budget allocation); Correct - "Я занимаюсь ассигнованием проекта".

• Error: Mispronouncing the stress in 'присвоение', placing it on the wrong syllable. Correct: Ensure stress on 'svo-', as in /prʲɪsvɐˈjenʲɪje/. This can lead to misunderstandings in spoken Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'ассигнование' is deeply tied to the bureaucratic and historical context of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, where state-controlled funding was (and is) a cornerstone of economic planning. Similarly, 'присвоение' often appears in discussions of cultural identity, reflecting sensitivities around Russia's diverse ethnic groups and the appropriation of indigenous elements, which can evoke national pride or controversy.

Related Concepts:

• финансирование
• бюджет
• узурпация
• интеллектуальная собственность