Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'adherent'

English Word: adherent

Key Russian Translations:

• приверженец [prʲɪvʲɪrˈʐɛnʲɪts] - [Formal, Masculine noun, Used in contexts like politics or ideology]
• приверженность [prʲɪvʲɪrˈʐɛnnəstʲ] - [Formal, Feminine noun, Emphasizes loyalty or attachment]
• адгезив [ɐdˈɡezʲɪv] - [Technical, Neutral, Used in scientific or material contexts, e.g., adhesives]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal discussions, literature, and media, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual nuances. For 'приверженность', it may vary to B2 due to abstract concepts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

приверженец: [prʲɪvʲɪrˈʐɛnʲɪts]

приверженность: [prʲɪvʲɪrˈʐɛnnəstʲ]

адгезив: [ɐdˈɡezʲɪv]

Note on приверженец: The stress is on the third syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'р' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers.

Note on приверженность: The ending '-ность' often softens the pronunciation, making it sound more fluid in sentences.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A supporter or follower of a person, cause, or belief

Translation(s) & Context:

• приверженец - Used in formal or ideological contexts, such as politics, religion, or social movements, to denote a dedicated follower.
• приверженность - Refers to the state of being adherent, emphasizing loyalty in abstract or emotional contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Он является преданным приверженцем экологического движения.

  He is a devoted adherent of the environmental movement.

• Многие приверженцы этой религии следуют строгим традициям.

  Many adherents of this religion follow strict traditions.

• Её приверженность идеалам свободы вдохновляет молодёжь.

  Her adherence to ideals of freedom inspires the youth.

• Приверженцы партии собрались на митинг для обсуждения реформ.

  Adherents of the party gathered at a rally to discuss reforms.

• Как приверженец здорового образа жизни, он избегает фастфуда.

  As an adherent of a healthy lifestyle, he avoids fast food.

Meaning 2: Something that sticks or adheres, often in a physical or scientific sense

Translation(s) & Context:

• адгезив - Used in technical, scientific, or industrial contexts, such as chemistry or materials science.

Usage Examples:

• Этот адгезив используется для склеивания металлов в автомобильной промышленности.

  This adherent (adhesive) is used for bonding metals in the automotive industry.

• Адгезив в этом покрытии обеспечивает прочное сцепление с поверхностью.

  The adherent in this coating ensures a strong bond with the surface.

• Применение адгезива предотвращает отслоение слоёв в конструкции.

  The use of adherent prevents the layers from peeling off in the structure.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'приверженец' (a masculine noun), it follows standard Russian third-declension patterns with irregularities in some cases. It is invariable in plural forms for collective use.

For 'приверженность' (a feminine noun), it is mostly regular and does not change in most contexts but follows standard feminine declension: e.g., Genitive: приверженности.

For 'адгезив' (a masculine noun, often indeclinable in borrowed forms), it remains unchanged in most cases: e.g., Genitive: адгезива.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • сторонник (similar to 'supporter', but more neutral)
  • последователь (implies a follower of a doctrine, with a connotation of consistency)
• Antonyms:
  • противник (opponent or adversary)
  • отвергающий (one who rejects)

Related Phrases:

• Верный приверженец - A faithful adherent; used to describe unwavering loyalty in personal or ideological contexts.
• Приверженность идеалам - Adherence to ideals; common in philosophical or motivational discussions.
• Адгезивные свойства - Adherent properties; refers to sticking qualities in scientific contexts.

Usage Notes:

Choose 'приверженец' for personal or group affiliations, as it directly mirrors the English 'adherent' in social or political contexts. 'Приверженность' is better for abstract concepts like commitment. Avoid 'адгезив' in non-technical settings, as it relates more to physical adhesion. In Russian, these words often appear in formal writing or speech; pair them with prepositions like 'к' (to) for contexts, e.g., 'приверженец к идее' (adherent to an idea). English learners should note that Russian nouns require case agreement, which can affect sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'приверженец' without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я встретил приверженец" instead of "Я встретил приверженца" (Genitive case error).
  Correct: "Я встретил приверженца." Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case with their role in the sentence.
• Mistake: Confusing 'приверженность' with 'приверженец', leading to misuse in sentences, e.g., "Он имеет приверженец" instead of "Он имеет приверженность".
  Correct: "Он имеет приверженность." Explanation: 'Приверженность' is a feminine noun for the concept, not the person.
• Mistake: Overusing 'адгезив' in everyday language, e.g., "Эта клейкая лента - адгезив" when a simpler word like 'клей' suffices.
  Correct: Use 'адгезив' only in technical contexts. Explanation: It sounds overly formal or borrowed in casual speech.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'приверженец' often carry connotations of historical loyalty, such as in revolutionary or Soviet-era contexts, where adherents to ideologies like communism were idealized. This can add a layer of patriotism or criticism in modern discussions, so be mindful of the emotional weight when using it.

Related Concepts:

• сторонник
• последователь
• верность
• идеология