Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'artificially'

English Word: artificially

Key Russian Translations:

• искусственно [/ɪsˈkusstvʲɪnə/] - [Adverb, Formal or Technical, Used in contexts involving human-made processes]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in scientific, technological, and everyday discussions, but not as frequent as basic adverbs in casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; Requires understanding of adverbial forms and technical vocabulary, suitable for learners with basic sentence construction skills)

Pronunciation (Russian):

искусственно: /ɪsˈkusstvʲɪnə/

Note on искусственно: The stress falls on the second syllable (/kus/), and the 'щ' sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations in pronunciation may occur in fast speech, softening the 'т' to a 'тʲ' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

In a way that is not natural or genuine, often implying human intervention or synthetic creation.

Translation(s) & Context:

• искусственно - Used in scientific, technological, or everyday contexts to describe processes or objects that are man-made, contrasting with natural occurrences (e.g., in discussions about food, medicine, or technology).

Usage Examples:

• Ученые искусственно синтезировали новый материал.

  Scientists artificially synthesized a new material.

• Эта еда искусственно ароматизирована, чтобы улучшить вкус.

  This food is artificially flavored to improve the taste.

• В фильме использовались искусственно созданные спецэффекты.

  Artificial effects were used in the movie.

• Он искусственно поддерживает свою внешность с помощью процедур.

  He artificially maintains his appearance through procedures.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"искусственно" is an adverb derived from the adjective "искусственный" (artificial). As an adverb in Russian, it does not undergo typical inflections for case, number, or gender. It remains unchanged in most contexts, making it straightforward for learners. However, if used in phrases, it may interact with inflected words around it.

For reference, the base adjective "искусственный" (which relates to this adverb) follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns:

Note: Since "искусственно" is invariant, no table is needed for it specifically.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: неестественно (neestestvenno) - More emphasis on unnaturalness; синтетически (sinteticheski) - Specifically for synthetic processes.
• Antonyms: естественно (estestvenno) - Used for natural processes, often in contrast.

Related Phrases:

• Искусственный интеллект - Artificial intelligence; A common term in technology discussions, referring to machine-based cognitive processes.
• Искусственно созданный продукт - Artificially created product; Used in contexts like manufacturing or biology to denote human-engineered items.
• Искусственная вентиляция легких - Artificial respiration; A phrase from medical contexts, highlighting life-support techniques.

Usage Notes:

"Искусственно" directly corresponds to "artificially" in English, emphasizing human intervention over natural occurrence. It is versatile and can be used in formal (e.g., scientific papers) or informal settings (e.g., casual conversations about products). Be mindful of context: in Russian, it often pairs with verbs to modify actions, such as "создать искусственно" (to create artificially). When choosing between synonyms like "синтетически," opt for "искусственно" if the focus is on general artificiality rather than chemical synthesis. Grammatically, it remains uninflected, making it easier to integrate into sentences.

Common Errors:

• Confusing the adverb "искусственно" with the adjective "искусственный": English learners might incorrectly use "искусственный" where an adverb is needed, e.g., saying "Я сделал искусственный" instead of "Я сделал это искусственно" (I did it artificially). Correct usage: "Я искусственно создал это" – The adverb modifies the verb directly.
• Overusing in casual speech: Beginners might apply it too broadly, such as saying "Это искусственно вкусно" (This is artificially tasty), which is incorrect because it implies unnatural tastiness; better to say "Это искусственно ароматизировано" for flavored items.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "artificial" versus "natural" carries significant weight, especially in discussions around food, health, and technology. For instance, there is a strong preference for natural products in everyday life, influenced by historical contexts like Soviet-era emphasis on self-sufficiency. Terms like "искусственно" often evoke skepticism in consumer contexts, reflecting broader cultural values that prioritize authenticity and tradition over synthetic alternatives.

Related Concepts:

• синтетический (synthetic)
• натуральный (natural)
• технологический (technological)