Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'ulcer'

English Word: ulcer

Key Russian Translations:

• язва [ˈjazvə] - [Medical term]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and health-related discussions, but not everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1-B2 on CEFR scale; Requires basic medical vocabulary knowledge, as it involves specific terminology not typically covered in beginner levels)

Pronunciation (Russian):

язва: [ˈjazvə]

Note on язва: The stress is on the first syllable, and the 'з' is pronounced as a voiced 'z' sound. Be cautious with the vowel sounds, as Russian vowels can vary slightly by dialect.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Medical term for a sore on the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal.

Translation(s) & Context:

• язва - Used in formal medical contexts, such as describing skin or internal sores; Common in healthcare settings or discussions about diseases.

Usage Examples:

• У него язва желудка, которая требует немедленного лечения.

  He has a stomach ulcer that requires immediate treatment.

• Язва на коже может быть вызвана инфекцией или травмой.

  An ulcer on the skin can be caused by infection or injury.

• Врачи диагностировали язву в ротовой полости пациента.

  Doctors diagnosed an ulcer in the patient's mouth.

• Хроническая язва ног часто встречается у людей с диабетом.

  Chronic ulcers on the legs are common in people with diabetes.

• Лечение язвы включает диету и медикаменты для снижения кислотности.

  Treating an ulcer involves diet and medications to reduce acidity.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The word 'язва' is a feminine noun in the second declension (second grammatical group in Russian). It follows standard noun inflections for case, number, and gender. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The inflections are regular for most cases, but pay attention to the plural forms which can vary slightly in spoken Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: эрозия (erosion - often used for superficial ulcers), повреждение (damage - a more general term)
• эрозия is typically used for less severe or surface-level issues, while язва implies deeper tissue damage.
• Antonyms: заживление (healing - as it represents the opposite process)

Related Phrases:

• язва желудка - Stomach ulcer; A common medical phrase referring to ulcers in the digestive system.
• язва двенадцатиперстной кишки - Duodenal ulcer; Used in contexts discussing gastrointestinal health.
• хроническая язва - Chronic ulcer; Refers to long-term, recurring ulcers in medical discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Язва' directly corresponds to 'ulcer' in English, primarily in medical contexts, but it can also be used metaphorically in Russian literature to describe emotional or social 'wounds'. For English speakers, note that Russian medical terminology often requires precise case inflections; for example, use the genitive case in phrases like 'язвы желудка' to indicate possession. It's formal and not used in casual conversation, so reserve it for professional or educational settings. When choosing between translations like 'язва' and 'эрозия', opt for 'язва' if the ulcer is deeper or more severe.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'язва' interchangeably with 'эрозия' without considering severity. Incorrect: "У него эрозия желудка" (if it's actually a deep ulcer). Correct: "У него язва желудка". Explanation: 'Эрозия' refers to superficial damage, while 'язва' denotes a deeper sore; confusing them can lead to misunderstandings in medical contexts.
• Error: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative 'язва' in all contexts. Incorrect: "Лечение язва" (should be genitive). Correct: "Лечение язвы". Explanation: Russian requires proper declension; always check the sentence structure for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'язва' are often associated with broader health awareness, especially in post-Soviet countries where access to healthcare has historically influenced discussions on chronic conditions. It doesn't carry unique idiomatic connotations but can appear in literature, such as in works by authors like Tolstoy, to symbolize deeper personal or societal afflictions.

Related Concepts:

• инфекция (infection)
• воспаление (inflammation)
• эрозия (erosion)