Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'turnout'

English Word: turnout

Key Russian Translations:

• явка [ˈjavkə] - [Formal, used in contexts like elections or official events]
• посещаемость [pəsʲɪˈʐæməsʲtʲ] - [Informal or general, when referring to attendance at events]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in political, social, and event-related contexts, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary; for 'явка', it's straightforward, but 'посещаемость' may vary slightly in usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

явка: [ˈjavkə]

Note on явка: The stress is on the first syllable; pronounce the 'я' as a soft 'ya' sound, which can be tricky for beginners. It remains relatively consistent across contexts.

посещаемость: [pəsʲɪˈʐæməsʲtʲ]

Note on посещаемость: The stress is on the fourth syllable; the 'щ' sound is a soft, palatalized 'sh', common in Russian but often mispronounced by non-native speakers as a simple 's'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The number of people who participate or attend an event, especially in elections or gatherings.

Translation(s) & Context:

• явка - Used in formal settings like voting or official assemblies, emphasizing participation rates.
• посещаемость - Applied in more general contexts, such as event attendance or public gatherings, often in informal discussions.

Usage Examples:

• На этих выборах была рекордная явка избирателей, что повлияло на результаты.

  At these elections, there was a record turnout of voters, which influenced the results.

• Из-за плохой погоды снизилась посещаемость мероприятия.

  Due to bad weather, the turnout for the event decreased.

• Политические партии стараются повысить явку на голосованиях.

  Political parties try to increase turnout at votings.

• Высокая посещаемость фестиваля указывает на интерес публики.

  High turnout at the festival indicates public interest.

• Если явка будет низкой, выборы могут быть признаны недействительными.

  If the turnout is low, the elections might be declared invalid.

2. The outcome or result of an event (less common usage in English, but can overlap).

Translation(s) & Context:

• явка - Rarely used in this sense; more for participation than outcome.
• результат - Used when 'turnout' implies a final result, in formal reports or analyses.

Usage Examples:

• Такая явка на митинге привела к неожиданному результату.

  Such a turnout at the rally led to an unexpected outcome.

• Результат посещаемости лекции был выше ожидаемого.

  The turnout (or result) of attendance at the lecture was higher than expected.

• Высокая явка обеспечила положительный результат референдума.

  High turnout ensured a positive outcome for the referendum.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'явка' is a feminine noun (3rd declension in Russian), which undergoes regular declensions based on case and number. It does not have irregular forms.

'посещаемость' is also a feminine noun with regular declensions, similar to 'явка'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: участие (uchastie) - more general participation; активность (aktivnost') - emphasizes activity level; it differs from 'явка' by focusing on engagement rather than sheer numbers.
• Antonyms: бойкот (boykot) - implies deliberate non-attendance; апатия (apatiya) - suggests indifference, often in contexts of low turnout.

Related Phrases:

• высокая явка - High turnout; used in election contexts to indicate strong participation.
• низкая посещаемость - Low turnout; common in event planning to describe poor attendance.
• явка на выборы - Turnout for elections; a fixed phrase in political discourse.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'явка' directly corresponds to 'turnout' in electoral contexts, but it's more formal and specific than in English. Use 'посещаемость' for everyday events to avoid sounding overly official. Be mindful of grammatical gender (feminine) when constructing sentences, and always consider the context—'явка' implies a quantitative measure, while 'посещаемость' can be qualitative. When multiple translations exist, choose based on formality: 'явка' for official reports, 'посещаемость' for casual discussions.

Common Errors:

• English learners often misuse 'явка' as a direct synonym for 'attendance' in non-electoral contexts, e.g., saying "явка на вечеринке" (incorrect for a party). Correct usage: Use 'посещаемость на вечеринке'. Error: Явка была низкой (implying elections); Correct: Посещаемость была низкой (for a social event). This confusion arises from overgeneralizing the English word.
• Another error is forgetting declensions, e.g., using 'явка' in the wrong case, like "о явка" instead of "о явке". Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'явка' is particularly significant in the context of elections, where high voter turnout is often seen as a sign of civic engagement and democratic health. Historically, during the Soviet era, state-organized events emphasized mandatory participation, influencing how 'явка' is perceived today as both a metric and a social expectation.

Related Concepts:

• выборы (vybory) - elections
• избиратели (izbirateli) - voters
• активность (aktivnost') - activity or engagement