Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'transmission'

English Word: transmission

Key Russian Translations:

• передача [pʲɪrʲɪˈdaʧə] - [Formal, commonly used in contexts like data transfer or disease spread]
• трансмиссия [trænsmʲɪˈsʲijə] - [Technical, specific to mechanical or automotive contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, scientific, and everyday communication, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun inflections and context-specific usage. For 'передача', it's B1; for 'трансмиссия', it's B2 due to borrowed terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

передача: [pʲɪrʲɪˈdaʧə]

Note on передача: The stress is on the second syllable; the 'ч' sound is a soft palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

трансмиссия: [trænsmʲɪˈsʲijə]

Note on трансмиссия: This is a borrowed word from English/French, so pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but the soft 'с' and 'й' sounds require attention.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of transmitting data, signals, or information

Translation(s) & Context:

• передача - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as telecommunications or broadcasting.

Usage Examples:

• Быстрая передача данных через интернет стала нормой в современном мире.

  Fast data transmission over the internet has become the norm in the modern world.

• В телевизионной передаче информация передается в реальном времени.

  In television transmission, information is sent in real-time.

• Безопасная передача файлов требует использования шифрования.

  Secure file transmission requires the use of encryption.

• Передача сигнала от спутника может быть нарушена погодными условиями.

  Signal transmission from a satellite can be disrupted by weather conditions.

Meaning 2: The mechanism in a vehicle that transmits power from the engine to the wheels

Translation(s) & Context:

• трансмиссия - Primarily used in automotive or engineering contexts, often in technical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Автоматическая трансмиссия делает вождение более комфортным.

  An automatic transmission makes driving more comfortable.

• Механическая трансмиссия требует ручного переключения передач.

  A manual transmission requires manual gear shifting.

• Проблемы с трансмиссией могут привести к поломке автомобиля.

  Issues with the transmission can lead to vehicle breakdown.

• Современные трансмиссии оснащены электронными системами для оптимизации топлива.

  Modern transmissions are equipped with electronic systems for fuel optimization.

Meaning 3: The spread or transmission of diseases

Translation(s) & Context:

• передача - Used in medical or epidemiological contexts, often with a focus on infectious diseases.

Usage Examples:

• Воздушно-капельная передача вируса происходит при чихании.

  Airborne transmission of the virus occurs through sneezing.

• Профилактика передачи инфекций включает ношение масок.

  Prevention of infection transmission includes wearing masks.

• Передача бактерий от человека к человеку может быть предотвращена гигиеной.

  Bacterial transmission from person to person can be prevented through hygiene.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'передача' and 'трансмиссия' are feminine nouns in Russian. 'Передача' follows standard third-declension patterns for feminine nouns ending in -а, while 'трансмиссия' is less inflected as a borrowed word but still follows basic patterns.

Note: 'Трансмиссия' has irregular inflections due to its foreign origin but is invariant in some contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пересылка (for data transmission; implies sending via mail or post)
  • трансляция (for broadcasting transmission)
  • коробка передач (for automotive transmission; more specific)
• Antonyms:
  • получение (reception, opposite of transmission in communication)
  • блокировка (blockage, opposite in mechanical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Беспроводная передача данных - Wireless data transmission; used in tech contexts for modern connectivity.
• Цепь трансмиссии - Transmission chain; refers to mechanical linkages in vehicles.
• Вирусная передача - Viral transmission; common in health discussions for disease spread.

Usage Notes:

'Передача' is a versatile noun that directly corresponds to 'transmission' in abstract senses like data or disease, but it's more formal and common in Russian media. 'Трансмиссия' is a direct borrowing for technical fields and should be used when discussing machinery to avoid confusion. In everyday speech, prefer 'передача' for general contexts, and always consider the genitive case for possession (e.g., "передачи данных"). English learners should note that Russian nouns require agreement in gender, number, and case, which can affect sentence structure.

• Choose 'передача' for non-technical scenarios to sound more natural.
• In automotive contexts, 'трансмиссия' is precise but may sound overly technical in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

English speakers often misuse the genitive case, e.g., saying "передача данных" incorrectly as "данные передача" (wrong word order). Correct usage: Always place the noun in the proper case, like "передача данных" (genitive for 'данных'). Another error is confusing 'передача' with 'пересылка', which implies physical mailing; use 'передача' for electronic or abstract transmission. Example of error: "Я сделал передача файла" (incorrect; should be "Я сделал передачу файла" to indicate accusative case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'передача' often appears in media contexts, such as TV programs (e.g., "новостная передача" for news broadcast), reflecting the historical importance of state-controlled broadcasting. This can carry connotations of controlled information flow, especially in discussions of censorship or propaganda during the Soviet era.

Related Concepts:

• сигнал
• коммуникация
• инфекция