Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'tolerance'

English Word: tolerance

Key Russian Translations:

• терпимость [tʲɪrˈpʲiməsʲtʲ] - [Formal, often used in philosophical or social contexts]
• допуск [dɐˈpusk] - [Technical, specific to engineering or scientific fields]
• толерантность [tɐlʲɛˈrantnəsʲtʲ] - [Informal, borrowed from English and used in modern discussions on diversity]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversations, literature, and professional settings, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun declensions. For 'терпимость', it's B1; for 'допуск', it might be B2 due to technical contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

терпимость: [tʲɪrˈpʲiməsʲtʲ]

допуск: [dɐˈpusk]

толерантность: [tɐlʲɛˈrantnəsʲtʲ]

Note on терпимость: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'т' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may soften the vowels.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The ability to endure pain, hardship, or differing opinions without resentment

Translation(s) & Context:

• терпимость - Used in social or personal contexts to describe patience and acceptance, e.g., in discussions about cultural differences.
• толерантность - Informal contexts, especially in media or education, emphasizing modern inclusivity.

Usage Examples:

• В современном обществе терпимость к чужим взглядам является ключевым принципом демократии.

  In modern society, tolerance towards others' views is a key principle of democracy.

• Его терпимость к боли позволила ему завершить марафон, несмотря на травму.

  His tolerance for pain allowed him to finish the marathon despite the injury.

• Развитие терпимости в семье начинается с раннего детства.

  The development of tolerance in the family begins from early childhood.

• Без терпимости невозможно построить гармоничные отношения в мультикультурном обществе.

  Without tolerance, it's impossible to build harmonious relationships in a multicultural society.

Technical or scientific allowance, such as in engineering

Translation(s) & Context:

• допуск - Specifically in technical fields, referring to permissible limits or margins.

Usage Examples:

• Инженеры должны учитывать допуск в размерах деталей для обеспечения безопасности конструкции.

  Engineers must account for tolerance in the dimensions of parts to ensure the structure's safety.

• В спецификации указано, что допуск по толщине материала не должен превышать 0,5 мм.

  The specification states that the tolerance for the material's thickness should not exceed 0.5 mm.

• Допуск в производстве позволяет компенсировать небольшие отклонения от идеальных параметров.

  Tolerance in manufacturing allows for compensating small deviations from ideal parameters.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'терпимость' is a feminine noun (third declension). It follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns for case, number, and gender. Below is a table of its inflections:

'допуск' is a masculine noun (second declension) and inflects as follows; it is more straightforward and doesn't have irregularities:

'толерантность' is also a feminine noun and follows similar patterns to 'терпимость', with no major irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • терпение (terpenie) - More about patience in daily life, less about ideological acceptance.
  • понимание (ponimanie) - Emphasizes empathy and comprehension, often in interpersonal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • нетерпимость (netrpimost') - Direct opposite, implying intolerance or impatience.
  • неприятие (nepriyatie) - Rejection or refusal, used in formal or critical discussions.

Related Phrases:

• терпимость к чужим мнениям - Tolerance towards others' opinions; used in debates on free speech.
• культура толерантности - Culture of tolerance; refers to societal norms promoting inclusivity.
• допуск в системе - Tolerance in the system; technical phrase for allowable errors in mechanisms.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'терпимость' directly corresponds to the English 'tolerance' in social contexts but carries a connotation of endurance or forbearance, often implying a moral virtue. It's typically used in formal writing or speeches. For technical meanings, 'допуск' is the precise equivalent and should be chosen over 'терпимость' to avoid confusion. 'Толерантность' is a more modern loanword, suitable for informal or international discussions, but it may sound less native. Always consider the context: use genitive case for possession (e.g., терпимость к чему-то). English learners should note that Russian requires agreement in gender, number, and case, which can affect sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'терпимость' with 'терпение': English learners often use 'терпимость' when 'терпение' (patience) is more appropriate in everyday situations, e.g., saying "У меня терпимость к пробкам" (incorrect) instead of "У меня терпение к пробкам" (correct, meaning "I have patience for traffic jams"). Explanation: 'Терпимость' implies a broader acceptance, not just waiting.
• Overusing 'толерантность' in formal contexts: Beginners might borrow it excessively from English, leading to awkward phrasing like "Я имею толерантность" instead of the more natural "Я проявляю терпимость". Correct usage: Ensure it fits the context; otherwise, stick to 'терпимость'.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'терпимость' is often linked to historical contexts like the Soviet era's emphasis on endurance through hardship, or contemporary discussions on ethnic diversity in a multi-national country. It reflects a value of stoicism and collective harmony, but can sometimes mask underlying tensions in social interactions, unlike the more proactive inclusivity promoted in Western contexts.

Related Concepts:

• свобода (svoboda) - Freedom
• равенство (ravensvo) - Equality
• дискриминация (diskriminatsiya) - Discrimination