Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'territorial'

English Word: territorial

Key Russian Translations:

• территориальный [tʲɪrʲɪˈtorʲɪ.alʲnɨj] - [Formal, Adjective; Used in contexts like politics, geography, or animal behavior]

Frequency: Medium (The word is commonly encountered in formal discussions of politics, law, and geography, but less so in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions and vocabulary related to spatial concepts, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

территориальный: [tʲɪrʲɪˈtorʲɪ.alʲnɨj]

Note on территориальный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("to-"), and the soft sign (ʲ) indicates palatalization, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Relating to territory or land (Primary meaning as an adjective)

Translation(s) & Context:

• территориальный - Used in formal contexts such as international law, geography, or describing animal behavior where an entity defends its space.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Эта территориальная спорная зона между двумя странами вызывает напряжение.

  English: This territorial disputed zone between two countries causes tension.

• Русский: В животном мире многие хищники проявляют территориальный инстинкт для защиты потомства.

  English: In the animal world, many predators exhibit a territorial instinct to protect their offspring.

• Русский: Территориальная целостность государства должна быть гарантирована международными договорами.

  English: The territorial integrity of a state must be guaranteed by international treaties.

• Русский: Политики обсудили территориальный вопрос на саммите.

  English: Politicians discussed the territorial issue at the summit.

Protective or possessive behavior (Secondary meaning, e.g., in psychology or animal behavior)

Translation(s) & Context:

• территориальный - Applied in informal or scientific contexts to describe possessive actions, such as in behavioral studies.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Кот проявляет территориальный характер, не позволяя другим животным приближаться.

  English: The cat exhibits a territorial character, not allowing other animals to approach.

• Русский: В психологии территориальный инстинкт человека связан с защитой личного пространства.

  English: In psychology, the territorial instinct in humans is linked to protecting personal space.

• Русский: Территориальный спор в семье может привести к конфликтам.

  English: A territorial dispute in the family can lead to conflicts.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

территориальный is an adjective in Russian, which means it follows standard adjective declension patterns. It agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies. The base form is masculine singular nominative.

Note: This adjective follows the first declension pattern, which is regular for most adjectives ending in -ый/-ий.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: региональный (regional; often used for broader areas), земельный (land-related; more specific to property)
• Antonyms: нетерриториальный (non-territorial; implies lack of relation to territory), бестерриториальный (stateless or without defined territory; with nuances in legal contexts)

Related Phrases:

• территориальная целостность - Refers to the principle of territorial integrity in international law, emphasizing the inviolability of borders.
• территориальный спор - A dispute over land or boundaries, commonly used in diplomatic discussions.
• территориальный принцип - The territorial principle in law, meaning jurisdiction based on location.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "территориальный" directly corresponds to the English "territorial" in formal contexts like politics or geography, but it may not always capture nuances of possessive behavior without additional context. Always ensure the adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case. For example, use "территориальная" for feminine nouns. When choosing between synonyms like "региональный," opt for "территориальный" in discussions of sovereignty or borders. Be mindful of formal settings, as this word is rarely used in casual speech.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., using "территориальный" with a feminine noun like "страна" (country), resulting in incorrect phrasing like "территориальный страна."

  Correct: "территориальная страна" – Explanation: Adjectives must match the noun's gender; here, "страна" is feminine, so use the feminine form.

• Error: Misusing in casual contexts, e.g., translating "He's very territorial about his office" as "Он очень территориальный о его офис," which sounds unnatural.

  Correct: "Он очень охраняет свою территорию в офисе" – Explanation: In everyday Russian, express possessive behavior more idiomatically with verbs like "охранять" (to guard) rather than relying solely on the adjective.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, concepts like "территориальная целостность" (territorial integrity) are highly significant due to events such as the Soviet era expansions and post-Soviet border disputes. This reflects Russia's emphasis on national sovereignty and historical claims, which can influence modern diplomacy and public discourse.

Related Concepts:

• граница (border)
• суверенитет (sovereignty)
• регион (region)