Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'temperature'

English Word: temperature

Key Russian Translations:

• температура /tʲɪm.pʲɪ.rə.ˈtu.rə/ - [Formal, Used in scientific, medical, and everyday contexts]

Frequency: High (Commonly used in daily conversations, weather reports, and medical discussions).

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1 level on CEFR scale, as it involves understanding noun declensions and basic scientific vocabulary).

Pronunciation (Russian):

температура: /tʲɪm.pʲɪ.rə.ˈtu.rə/

Note on температура: The pronunciation features palatalized consonants (e.g., 'тʲ' and 'пʲ'), which can be challenging for English speakers. Stress falls on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The degree of heat or coldness of a body or environment (e.g., weather or physical objects).

Translation(s) & Context:

• температура - Used in formal and informal settings for measuring heat, such as in weather forecasts or scientific discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Сегодня температура воздуха очень высокая. (Segodnia temperatura vozduha ochen' vysokaya.)

  Today the air temperature is very high. (This example shows the word in a weather context, demonstrating its use with adjectives like "высокая".)

• В лаборатории мы измеряем температуру воды. (V laboratorii my izmeriaem temperaturu vody.)

  In the laboratory, we measure the temperature of the water. (Illustrates scientific usage, with the noun in the accusative case.)

• Температура в комнате поднялась из-за обогревателя. (Temperatura v komnate podnyalas' iz-za obogrevatelya.)

  The temperature in the room rose because of the heater. (Shows the word in a causal sentence, highlighting everyday home contexts.)

• Какая температура на улице? (Kakaya temperatura na ulitse?)

  What is the temperature outside? (A simple interrogative use in informal conversations.)

• Температура металла должна быть стабильной. (Temperatura metalla dolzhna byt' stabil'noy.)

  The temperature of the metal must be stable. (Demonstrates usage in industrial or technical contexts with adjectives.)

Meaning 2: Body temperature, especially in medical contexts (e.g., fever).

Translation(s) & Context:

• температура - Often used in health-related discussions, implying a measurement of human or animal body heat.

Usage Examples:

• У ребёнка высокая температура, нужно вызвать врача. (U rebyonka vysokaya temperatura, nuzhno vyzvat' vracha.)

  The child has a high temperature; we need to call a doctor. (This example shows medical urgency and pairing with "высокая".)

• Измерите температуру перед приёмом лекарств. (Izmerite temperaturu pered priyemom lekarstv.)

  Measure the temperature before taking medicine. (Illustrates imperative form in health advice.)

• Температура нормализовалась после отдыха. (Temperatura normalizovalas' posle otdykha.)

  The temperature normalized after rest. (Shows recovery contexts with verbs like "нормализовалась".)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Температура" is a feminine noun in the first declension. It follows regular patterns for Russian nouns, changing based on case, number, and gender. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • тепло (teplo) - More general, referring to warmth; differs from температура by focusing on sensation rather than measurement.
  • жар (zhar) - Used informally for heat, especially in contexts like fever; implies intensity.
• Antonyms:
  • холод (kholod) - Coldness, used in opposition to heat in weather or physical contexts.
  • прохлада (prokhlada) - Coolness, often in a refreshing sense.

Related Phrases:

• Высокая температура (Vysokaya temperatura) - High temperature; used in weather or medical contexts to indicate elevation.
• Температура тела (Temperatura tela) - Body temperature; common in health discussions.
• Измерить температуру (Izmerit' temperaturu) - To measure temperature; a fixed phrase for scientific or daily checks.
• Комнатная температура (Komnatnaya temperatura) - Room temperature; refers to standard indoor conditions.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "температура" directly corresponds to the English "temperature" but is primarily a feminine noun that must agree in case, number, and gender with other words in the sentence. For example, use the genitive case (температуры) when indicating possession. It is versatile across formal (e.g., scientific reports) and informal (e.g., casual conversations) domains. When multiple translations exist, choose "температура" for precision in measurement contexts, but be aware of regional variations in spoken Russian. Always pair it with appropriate adjectives or verbs for clarity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "температура" without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я имею температура" instead of "У меня температура" (I have a temperature).

  Correct: У меня температура. Explanation: In Russian, possession often uses the prepositional case with "у меня" (at me), so the noun must be in the correct form to avoid sounding unnatural.

• Error: Confusing it with "тепло" and using it interchangeably, e.g., "Температура очень тепло" instead of "Температура очень высокая".

  Correct: Температура очень высокая. Explanation: "Температура" is a measurement, not a sensation, so pair it with quantitative descriptors like "высокая" rather than "тепло".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussing "температура" is common in everyday life, especially during harsh winters. It often ties to health practices, like checking for fever during illnesses, which reflects the cultural emphasis on preventive medicine. Historically, temperature measurements have been crucial in Russia's climate research, influencing literature and art that depict extreme weather conditions.

Related Concepts:

• погода (pogoda) - Weather
• климат (klimat) - Climate
• жара (zhara) - Heatwave