Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'tardiness'

English Word: tardiness

Key Russian Translations:

• опоздание [ɐpɐzˈdanʲɪje] - [Noun, Neutral, Commonly used in everyday contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word is encountered in daily conversations, business, and formal settings, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Learners at this level can grasp its usage with exposure to basic noun declensions, though mastering inflections requires practice.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опоздание: [ɐpɐzˈdanʲɪje]

Note on опоздание: The stress falls on the third syllable ('danʲɪje'). Be mindful of the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may slightly alter vowel length.

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Meanings and Usage:

The state of being late or delayed, often implying a habitual or unintentional delay.

Translation(s) & Context:

• опоздание - Used in contexts involving appointments, meetings, or schedules, especially in professional or social settings (e.g., formal reports or casual conversations).

Usage Examples:

• Его опоздание на совещание вызвало раздражение у коллег.

  His tardiness at the meeting irritated his colleagues.

• Из-за постоянного опоздания она потеряла работу.

  Due to her constant tardiness, she lost her job.

• Опоздание поезда на 10 минут не редкость в больших городах.

  A train's tardiness of 10 minutes is not uncommon in big cities.

• Школьные правила строго наказывают опоздание на уроки.

  School rules strictly penalize tardiness in classes.

• Несмотря на опоздание, он извинился и продолжил презентацию.

  Despite his tardiness, he apologized and proceeded with the presentation.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Опоздание" is a neuter noun in Russian, which means it follows the standard neuter declension patterns. It is a second-declension noun and does not have irregularities, making it relatively straightforward for learners.

Note: This noun does not change in the plural form for all cases if the context implies multiple instances, but it remains regular.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • задержка (zaderzhka) - More general, often used for delays in processes or events; subtle difference in implying external causes.
  • просрочка (prosochka) - Typically for deadlines or payments, with a connotation of overdue obligations.
• Antonyms:
  • пунктуальность (punktualnost) - Exact opposite, emphasizing timeliness and reliability.
  • своевременность (svoevremenost) - Refers to being on time or prompt, often in formal contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Извиниться за опоздание - To apologize for being late; Used in social or professional interactions to express regret.
• Причина опоздания - Reason for tardiness; Common in explanations or reports.
• Хроническое опоздание - Chronic tardiness; Implies a habitual problem, often in personal development contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "опоздание" directly corresponds to "tardiness" as a noun, but it is more commonly used in contexts involving physical arrival or scheduled events. It is neutral in tone but can carry negative connotations in formal settings. When choosing between synonyms like "задержка", opt for "опоздание" if the focus is on personal lateness rather than systemic delays. Grammatically, always decline it according to the case required by the sentence structure, and pair it with verbs like "вызывать" (to cause) or "извиняться за" (to apologize for) for natural usage.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "опоздание" with "задержка": Learners might use "задержка" interchangeably, but it's less personal. Incorrect: "Мое задержка на работу" (wrong usage). Correct: "Мое опоздание на работу" – Explanation: "Опоздание" is more appropriate for individual lateness, while "задержка" suits broader delays.
• Improper declension: Forgetting to change the ending in genitive case, e.g., saying "без опоздание" instead of "без опоздания". Explanation: This makes the sentence grammatically incorrect; always match the case with prepositions like "без" (without).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, punctuality is highly valued, especially in professional and urban environments. "Опоздание" can carry social stigma, as it may be seen as disrespectful or disorganized. Historically, in Soviet times, lateness was often linked to inefficiencies in public services, influencing modern attitudes toward time management.

Related Concepts:

• время (vremya) - Time
• расписание (raspisanie) - Schedule
• пунктуальность (punktualnost) - Punctuality