Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'synthesis'

English Word: synthesis

Key Russian Translations:

• синтез /sɪnˈtɛz/ - [Formal, Scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, scientific, and technical discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and scientific vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

синтез: /sɪnˈtɛz/

Note on синтез: The stress is on the second syllable (/ˈtɛz/), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers due to the Russian emphasis on vowel reduction in unstressed syllables. Pronounce the 'и' as a short 'i' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The process of combining separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole, often in scientific or philosophical contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• синтез - Used in formal, academic, or technical settings, such as chemistry, philosophy, or logic, to describe the integration of parts into a unified system.

Usage Examples:

• В химии синтез новых соединений играет ключевую роль в развитии науки.

  In chemistry, the synthesis of new compounds plays a key role in the development of science.

• Философский синтез идей Декарта и Канта повлиял на современную мысль.

  The philosophical synthesis of Descartes' and Kant's ideas influenced modern thought.

• Процесс синтеза в биологии позволяет создавать искусственные организмы.

  The process of synthesis in biology allows for the creation of artificial organisms.

• Синтез различных культурных традиций обогащает общество.

  The synthesis of various cultural traditions enriches society.

• В музыке синтез звуков приводит к созданию уникальных композиций.

  In music, the synthesis of sounds leads to the creation of unique compositions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Синтез" is a masculine noun in Russian, following the standard third declension pattern for nouns ending in a consonant. It has regular inflections based on case and number, which are common for abstract concepts. Below is a table outlining its primary forms:

Note: The word is invariant in terms of gender and does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners at B2 level.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • объединение (ob"yedineniye) - More general, implying unification without the structured process.
  • комбинация (kombinatsiya) - Emphasizes mixing elements, often in casual or technical contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • анализ (analiz) - The opposite process, breaking down into parts.

Related Phrases:

• химический синтез (khimicheskiy sintyez) - Chemical synthesis; refers to creating compounds through reactions.
• органический синтез (organicheskiy sintyez) - Organic synthesis; used in biochemistry for building complex molecules.
• синтез идей (sintyez idey) - Synthesis of ideas; a phrase for integrating concepts in philosophy or debate.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "синтез" directly corresponds to the English "synthesis" in scientific and academic contexts, but it is more commonly used in formal writing or lectures rather than everyday speech. Be mindful of its declensions when using it in sentences; for example, it changes to "синтеза" in the genitive case to indicate possession or relation. When choosing between synonyms like "объединение," opt for "синтез" if the context involves a structured or methodical combination. English learners should note that Russian often pairs this word with adjectives for specificity, such as "химический синтез," to mirror English compound phrases.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "синтез" with "анализ": English speakers might mix up the two due to their oppositional meanings. Incorrect: "Я сделал анализ элементов для создания нового." (I did the synthesis of elements to create something new.) Correct: "Я сделал синтез элементов для создания нового." Explanation: "Анализ" means breaking down, while "синтез" means building up; ensure the context matches the intended action.

• Mispronouncing the word: Learners often stress the first syllable, saying /ˈsɪn tɛz/ instead of /sɪnˈtɛz/. Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstandings in spoken Russian. Correct: Practice with native audio to emphasize the second syllable.

• Overusing in informal contexts: Incorrectly using "синтез" in casual conversation, e.g., "Давай синтезируем планы" (Let's synthesize plans), which sounds overly formal. Correct: In informal settings, use simpler terms like "соберем" (let's put together). Explanation: Reserve "синтез" for technical or academic discussions to maintain natural language flow.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "синтез" holds significant importance in scientific and philosophical traditions, influenced by figures like Vladimir Vernadsky and Soviet-era advancements in chemistry and biology. It embodies the Russian emphasis on holistic thinking, often contrasting with analytical approaches in Western philosophy, and is frequently referenced in educational contexts to highlight Russia's contributions to global science.

Related Concepts:

• анализ (analiz)
• гипотеза (gioteza)
• теория (teoriya)