Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stool'

English Word: stool

Key Russian Translations:

• табурет [təbuˈrʲet] - [Informal, Common for furniture]
• кал [kaɫ] - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Medium (табурет is commonly used in everyday language; кал is less frequent, mainly in medical or scientific contexts)

Difficulty: A2 for табурет (Beginner level, as it's a basic noun); B1 for кал (Intermediate, due to its specialized usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

табурет: [təbuˈrʲet] (The stress is on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled slightly in standard Russian.)

Note on табурет: This word may vary slightly in regional accents, with a softer 'т' in some dialects.

кал: [kaɫ] (Pronounced with a hard 'л' sound; keep it short and guttural.)

Note on кал: Avoid over-emphasizing the vowel to prevent confusion with similar-sounding words.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A piece of furniture, such as a small seat without a back or arms

Translation(s) & Context:

• табурет - Used in everyday, informal settings for describing simple seating furniture.

Usage Examples:

• Я сел на табурет у окна. (I sat on the stool by the window.)

  Translation: I sat on the stool by the window. (This example shows the word in a basic declarative sentence.)

• В кухне стоит старый табурет. (In the kitchen, there's an old stool.)

  Translation: In the kitchen, there's an old stool. (Illustrates possessive or descriptive use.)

• Табурет в саду сломался от дождя. (The stool in the garden broke from the rain.)

  Translation: The stool in the garden broke from the rain. (Demonstrates use in a narrative context.)

• Она использует табурет как подставку для книг. (She uses the stool as a stand for books.)

  Translation: She uses the stool as a stand for books. (Shows metaphorical or extended usage.)

• Купи новый табурет для гостиной. (Buy a new stool for the living room.)

  Translation: Buy a new stool for the living room. (Example in an imperative sentence.)

Meaning 2: Feces or excrement, especially in medical contexts

Translation(s) & Context:

• кал - Used in formal, medical, or scientific discussions; avoid in casual conversation due to its sensitive nature.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи анализируют кал пациента. (Doctors analyze the patient's stool.)

  Translation: Doctors analyze the patient's stool. (This shows professional medical usage.)

• Изменения в кале могут указывать на проблемы со здоровьем. (Changes in stool can indicate health issues.)

  Translation: Changes in stool can indicate health issues. (Illustrates diagnostic context.)

• Соберите образец кала для теста. (Collect a stool sample for the test.)

  Translation: Collect a stool sample for the test. (Demonstrates instructional use.)

• Кал содержит важные бактерии для пищеварения. (Stool contains important bacteria for digestion.)

  Translation: Stool contains important bacteria for digestion. (Shows educational or scientific context.)

• Пациент описал цвет своего кала врачу. (The patient described the color of their stool to the doctor.)

  Translation: The patient described the color of their stool to the doctor. (Example in a descriptive medical dialogue.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are nouns, but they inflect differently based on Russian grammar rules.

For табурет (masculine noun, inanimate):

It follows standard second-declension patterns with no irregularities.

For кал (masculine noun, inanimate):

This noun is relatively invariant in plural forms and follows basic masculine patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for табурет: стул (stool/chair), скамейка (bench) - стул is more general and can imply a chair with a back.
• Synonyms for кал: фекалии (feces, more formal)
• Antonyms: Not typically applicable, as these are concrete nouns; however, for табурет, a contrast might be кровать (bed) in furniture contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Сидеть на табурете - To sit on a stool (Common phrase for everyday seating).
• Анализ кала - Stool analysis (Medical term for examining excrement).
• Табурет для барной стойки - Bar stool (Phrase for specialized furniture).

Usage Notes:

"Stool" as furniture translates best to "табурет" in informal Russian, but ensure context matches; for example, use it in home or casual settings. For the medical meaning, "кал" is precise and should be reserved for professional discussions to avoid offense. When choosing between translations, consider the domain: everyday vs. scientific. Grammatically, both nouns require appropriate case agreement with verbs and prepositions in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "табурет" with "стул" and using it interchangeably. Correct: Use "табурет" for backless stools; "стул" for chairs. Example: Incorrect - "Стул без спинки" (though understandable); Correct - "Табурет".
• Error: Using "кал" in non-medical contexts. Correct: Reserve for formal settings; in casual talk, euphemisms like "отходы" (waste) are better. Example: Incorrect - Everyday: "Мой кал..." (My stool...); Correct - "Мне нужно в туалет" (I need to go to the bathroom).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "табурет" is a staple in modest homes, symbolizing simplicity and functionality, often seen in Soviet-era designs. "Кал" as a term reflects a straightforward approach in medical discussions, but it's taboo in social conversations, highlighting cultural sensitivities around bodily functions.

Related Concepts:

• стол (table)
• скамья (bench)
• фекалии (feces, related to medical context)