Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'streptomycin'

English Word: streptomycin

Key Russian Translations:

• стрептомицин /strɛptoˈmʲit͡sʲin/ - [Formal, Medical Term]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and primarily used in medical or scientific contexts, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1) - Requires familiarity with medical vocabulary and Russian pronunciation rules; suitable for learners with a strong foundation in Russian grammar and terminology.

Pronunciation (Russian):

стрептомицин: /strɛptoˈmʲit͡sʲin/

Note on стрептомицин: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ми"). Pay attention to the palatalized 'т' and 'ц' sounds, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may slightly alter vowel lengths.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The primary meaning: An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis and other serious conditions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• стрептомицин - Used in formal medical discussions, prescriptions, or scientific literature; typically in contexts involving pharmacology or infectious diseases.

Usage Examples:

• Врач прописал стрептомицин для лечения туберкулеза.

  The doctor prescribed streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis.

• Стрептомицин часто применяется в комбинации с другими антибиотиками.

  Streptomycin is often used in combination with other antibiotics.

• Пациент аллергирован на стрептомицин, поэтому мы выбрали альтернативное лекарство.

  The patient is allergic to streptomycin, so we chose an alternative medication.

• В исследовательских лабораториях стрептомицин используется для подавления бактериального роста.

  In research laboratories, streptomycin is used to suppress bacterial growth.

• Стрептомицин был одним из первых антибиотиков, открытых в XX веке.

  Streptomycin was one of the first antibiotics discovered in the 20th century.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Стрептомицин" is a masculine noun in Russian, belonging to the second declension. It follows standard noun inflection patterns but is often used in its base form in medical contexts. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: In scientific writing, the nominative form is most common, and the word does not change in informal usage. It is invariant in compounds or as a proper name for the drug.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • антибиотик (antibiotic) - A general term; less specific than стрептомицин.
  • пенициллин (penicillin) - Similar in function but chemically different; used for comparable infections.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as this is a specific medical term. However, terms like "инфекция" (infection) could be conceptually opposite in treatment contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Лечение стрептомицином - Treatment with streptomycin; used in medical reports to describe therapeutic approaches.
• Стрептомицин в комбинации - Streptomycin in combination; refers to using it alongside other drugs for enhanced efficacy.
• Прием стрептомицина - Taking streptomycin; common in patient instructions or dosage guidelines.

Usage Notes:

Streptomycin corresponds directly to the English term as a proper noun for the antibiotic. It is exclusively used in formal, professional settings like hospitals or research papers. Be cautious with gender agreement in Russian sentences, as it is a masculine noun (e.g., "этот стрептомицин" for "this streptomycin"). When choosing translations, stick to стрептомицин for precision; avoid generic terms like "антибиотик" unless discussing the class broadly. In spoken Russian, it's often abbreviated in medical slang, but for learners, use the full form for clarity.

Common Errors:

• Mispronouncing the word: English speakers often stress the wrong syllable, saying /streptoˈmycin/ instead of the correct Russian /strɛptoˈmʲit͡sʲin/. Correct usage: Practice the palatalized consonants to avoid sounding unnatural.

• Confusing with similar terms: Learners might mix it up with "стрептококк" (streptococcus). Error example: "Пациент болен стрептококком" (meaning streptococcus infection) vs. correct: "Пациент лечится стрептомицином" (The patient is treated with streptomycin).

• Incorrect declension: Forgetting to change the case, e.g., using nominative in genitive contexts. Error: "Без стрептомицин" (incorrect) vs. Correct: "Без стрептомицина" (Without streptomycin).

Cultural Notes:

Streptomycin, discovered by American scientist Selman Waksman in 1943, played a significant role in Soviet medicine during the mid-20th century, helping combat tuberculosis epidemics. In Russian culture, it symbolizes advancements in pharmacology post-World War II, often referenced in historical medical literature as a breakthrough against infectious diseases.

Related Concepts:

• тетрациклин (tetracycline)
• пенициллин (penicillin)
• антибиотики (antibiotics)
• туберкулез (tuberculosis)