Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'splenetic'

English Word: splenetic

Key Russian Translations:

• раздражительный /rəz.drə.ʐɨ.'tʲelʲ.nɨj/ - [Formal; often used in literary or psychological contexts]
• вспыльчивый /vspɨlʲ.'tɕɨ.vɨj/ - [Informal; commonly used in everyday conversations]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations appear regularly in literature, psychology discussions, and casual speech, but not as frequently as basic adjectives.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; learners at this level should understand and use these adjectives with some practice, as they involve basic adjective inflections and contextual nuances.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

раздражительный: /rəz.drə.ʐɨ.'tʲelʲ.nɨj/

вспыльчивый: /vspɨlʲ.'tɕɨ.vɨj/

Note on раздражительный: The stress falls on the third syllable ('tʲelʲ), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'tʲ' sound; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Note on вспыльчивый: This word has a soft 'lʲ' and 'tɕ' sounds, which are common in Russian but may require attention to avoid confusion with similar words like 'вспышка' (flash).

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Bad-tempered, irritable, or easily angered.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражительный - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as describing personality traits in writing or psychology.
• вспыльчивый - Applied in informal settings, like everyday conversations about emotions or behavior.

Usage Examples:

• Он был раздражительным после бессонной ночи. (He was splenetic after a sleepless night.)

  English Translation: He was irritable after a sleepless night. This example shows the adjective in a descriptive, everyday context.

• Её вспыльчивый характер часто приводил к конфликтам. (Her splenetic nature often led to conflicts.)

  English Translation: Her quick-tempered character often led to conflicts. Here, it illustrates personality description in a narrative.

• В офисе он становился раздражительным из-за мелких ошибок коллег. (At the office, he became splenetic due to minor mistakes by colleagues.)

  English Translation: At the office, he became irritable due to minor mistakes by colleagues. This demonstrates use in a professional setting.

• Дети иногда бывают вспыльчивыми, но быстро успокаиваются. (Children can sometimes be splenetic, but they calm down quickly.)

  English Translation: Children can sometimes be quick-tempered, but they calm down quickly. This shows the adjective with emotional variability.

• Его раздражительный тон в разговоре отпугивал друзей. (His splenetic tone in conversation scared off friends.)

  English Translation: His irritable tone in conversation scared off friends. This example highlights the adjective in social interactions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "раздражительный" and "вспыльчивый" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and follow regular patterns for most cases, though there are no irregularities here.

These adjectives do not change in short form but can be used predicatively. For example, "Он раздражителен" (He is splenetic). Note that they follow standard hard-stem adjective patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • раздражённый (irritated; more temporary state)
  • нервный (nervous; implies anxiety)
  • гневливый (wrathful; stronger emotional intensity)
• Antonyms:
  • спокойный (calm)
  • терпеливый (patient)
  • уравновешенный (balanced)

Note: "раздражённый" is a close synonym to "раздражительный" but often describes a momentary reaction, while "вспыльчивый" might pair with "горячий" (hot-headed) in informal contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Быть раздражительным по утрам (To be splenetic in the mornings) - Refers to being irritable specifically in the early hours, often due to habits or routines.
• Вспыльчивый temperament (Splenetic temperament) - A common phrase in psychological or personality discussions, implying a quick-to-anger nature.
• Раздражительный от усталости (Splenetic from fatigue) - Used to describe irritability caused by exhaustion, highlighting emotional triggers.

Usage Notes:

"Splenetic" translates most accurately to "раздражительный" in formal contexts, such as literature or medical descriptions, while "вспыльчивый" is better for informal, everyday use. Be mindful of gender and case agreement in Russian sentences; for example, always match the adjective to the noun's form. English speakers might confuse this with temporary anger, but in Russian, these words often imply a character trait. When choosing between translations, opt for "вспыльчивый" in spoken language for a more vivid, emotional effect.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "раздражительный" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "Она раздражительный" instead of "Она раздражительная" for feminine nouns.

  Correct Usage: "Она раздражительная" - Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case; this mistake often stems from English's lack of inflection.

• Error: Confusing "вспыльчивый" with "вспышка" (a flash or outburst), leading to misuse in sentences.

  Correct Usage: Use "вспыльчивый" for personality, e.g., "Он вспыльчивый," not "Он вспышка." - Explanation: Learners might mix up roots, so focus on context to differentiate.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "раздражительный" and "вспыльчивый" often appear in discussions of "душевное равновесие" (emotional balance), reflecting a historical emphasis on stoicism in literature (e.g., in works by Dostoevsky). These terms can carry a connotation of inner turmoil, tied to the Russian soul's depth, as opposed to more superficial anger in Western contexts.

Related Concepts:

• нервозность (nervousness)
• гнев (anger)
• эмоциональность (emotionality)