Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'revenue'

English Word: revenue

Key Russian Translations:

• доход [ˈdoxəd] - [Formal, Singular]
• выручка [vɨˈrut͡ɕkə] - [Business or Financial Context, Often Plural in Reports]
• налоговые поступления [nəlɐˈkovɨjə pəstuʂləˈnʲijə] - [Formal, Governmental or Legal Context]

Frequency: Medium - Commonly used in financial, business, and economic discussions, but not in everyday casual conversation.

Difficulty: B2 - Intermediate level, as it involves vocabulary from finance and economics; learners at this stage can grasp it with context, but "налоговые поступления" might require C1 for full nuance.

Pronunciation (Russian):

доход: [ˈdoxəd]

выручка: [vɨˈrut͡ɕkə]

налоговые поступления: [nəlɐˈkovɨjə pəstuʂləˈnʲijə]

Note on доход: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the soft 'х' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers as it's guttural.

Note on выручка: The 'чк' cluster can be tricky; it's pronounced as a soft, palatalized 'ch' followed by 'k'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Income or profit generated from business activities or investments

Translation(s) & Context:

• доход - Used in general financial contexts, such as personal or corporate earnings.
• выручка - Specifically for business revenue, like sales turnover in commercial settings.

Usage Examples:

• Компания увеличила свой доход за прошлый год благодаря новым инвестициям.

  The company increased its revenue last year thanks to new investments.

• Его выручка от продаж превысила ожидания в этом квартале.

  His revenue from sales exceeded expectations this quarter.

• Инвесторы анализируют доход от акций на фондовом рынке.

  Investors are analyzing revenue from stocks in the stock market.

• Бизнес-план включает прогноз выручки на следующие пять лет.

  The business plan includes a forecast of revenue for the next five years.

2. Government or public income, especially from taxes

Translation(s) & Context:

• налоговые поступления - Used in official, administrative, or legal contexts, such as budget reports.
• доход - Can be used more broadly but less specifically for taxes.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство зависит от налоговых поступлений для финансирования социальных программ.

  The government relies on tax revenue to fund social programs.

• Экономический кризис повлиял на общий доход государства.

  The economic crisis affected the overall revenue of the state.

• Налоговые поступления выросли после введения новых законов.

  Tax revenue increased after the introduction of new laws.

• Анализ дохода бюджета показывает стабильный рост.

  Analysis of the budget revenue shows steady growth.

• Региональные налоговые поступления используются на местное развитие.

  Regional revenue from taxes is used for local development.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Доход" is a masculine noun with standard declension patterns. It changes based on case and number, as shown in the table below:

"Выручка" is a feminine noun and follows a similar pattern, but it's often used in plural forms in financial contexts:

"Налоговые поступления" is a phrase where "поступления" (neuter plural noun) does not change irregularly but follows standard plural patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • прибыль - Similar to profit, but can imply net gain; often used interchangeably in informal contexts.
  • заработок - More casual, emphasizing earned income from work.
• Antonyms:
  • расход - Refers to expenditure or costs.
  • убыток - Means loss, especially in financial contexts.

Related Phrases:

• доходный налог - Income tax; a common phrase for personal or corporate taxation.
• выручка от продаж - Revenue from sales; used in business reports to specify sources.
• налоговые поступления бюджета - Budget revenue from taxes; refers to governmental financial inflows.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "доход" is the most direct equivalent to "revenue" in everyday financial contexts, but choose "выручка" for business-specific discussions to avoid ambiguity. "Налоговые поступления" is reserved for formal or governmental settings. Be mindful of context: Russian often pairs these words with adjectives for precision, e.g., "чистый доход" for net revenue. Grammar-wise, these nouns require appropriate case agreement with prepositions, which can differ from English structures.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "доход" with "прибыль": English learners might use "доход" when "прибыль" (profit) is more accurate for net earnings. Error: "Мой доход увеличился." (implying gross) vs. Correct: "Моя прибыль увеличилась." Explanation: "Доход" includes all income, while "прибыль" is after deductions.
• Overusing singular forms: Learners often forget plural inflections, e.g., saying "доход" instead of "доходы" in contexts requiring plurality. Error: "Анализ доход" vs. Correct: "Анализ доходов." Explanation: Plural forms are essential in reports or lists.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, discussions around "revenue" like "налоговые поступления" often tie into the country's history of centralized economic planning during the Soviet era, where state revenue was heavily reliant on industrial outputs. Today, it reflects ongoing debates on tax reforms and economic inequality, emphasizing the word's role in societal and political discourse.

Related Concepts:

• бюджет
• экономика
• финансы