Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'retiring'

English Word: retiring

Key Russian Translations:

• уход на пенсию [ˈuxot na ˈpʲensʲiju] - [Formal, Noun phrase; Used in professional or administrative contexts, such as employment or retirement discussions]
• замкнутый [zɐmˈknutɨj] - [Informal, Adjective; Used to describe personality traits, often in everyday conversations]

Frequency: Medium - The verb/noun form ("уход на пенсию") is commonly encountered in discussions about work and aging, while the adjective form ("замкнутый") appears moderately in social contexts.

Difficulty: B1 for "уход на пенсию" (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun phrases and cultural concepts); B2 for "замкнутый" (Upper-Intermediate, due to its nuanced personality description and potential for inflection).

Pronunciation (Russian):

уход на пенсию: [ˈuxot na ˈpʲensʲiju]

Note on уход на пенсию: The stress falls on the first syllable of "уход" and "пенсию," which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'x' sound in "уход." Practice the palatalized 's' in "пенсию" for accuracy.

замкнутый: [zɐmˈknutɨj]

Note on замкнутый: The ending '-ый' often softens in spoken Russian, sounding like '-yj,' and the 'kn' cluster requires blending without aspiration. This word may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Retiring as in withdrawing from a job or position (Verb/Noun form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• уход на пенсию - Used in formal contexts like employment termination, pension applications, or life milestones; implies a planned or official retirement process.

Usage Examples:

• Мой отец планирует уход на пенсию в следующем году, чтобы больше времени проводить с семьей.

  My father is planning to retire next year to spend more time with his family.

• После ухода на пенсию она занялась волонтёрством и путешествиями.

  After retiring, she took up volunteering and traveling.

• В России уход на пенсию часто сопровождается государственными пособиями.

  In Russia, retiring is often accompanied by state benefits.

• Он отложил уход на пенсию, чтобы завершить важный проект на работе.

  He postponed retiring to finish an important project at work.

• Уход на пенсию может быть эмоциональным переходом для многих людей.

  Retiring can be an emotional transition for many people.

Meaning 2: Retiring as in shy or reserved (Adjective form)

Translation(s) & Context:

• замкнутый - Used in informal or psychological contexts to describe someone who is introverted, avoiding social interactions; often implies a personality trait rather than a temporary state.

Usage Examples:

• Её замкнутый характер делает её менее общительной на вечеринках.

  Her retiring nature makes her less sociable at parties.

• В детстве он был замкнутым, но со временем стал более открытым.

  As a child, he was retiring, but over time he became more open.

• Замкнутые люди часто предпочитают чтение шумным собраниям.

  Retiring people often prefer reading to noisy gatherings.

• Её замкнутость иногда воспринимается как высокомерие, хотя это не так.

  Her retiring demeanor is sometimes mistaken for arrogance, though it's not.

• В офисе он остаётся замкнутым, но в кругу друзей расцветает.

  At the office, he remains retiring, but among friends, he comes alive.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "уход на пенсию" (a noun phrase): This is a fixed phrase where "уход" is a masculine noun in the nominative singular form, and "на пенсию" is a prepositional phrase. It does not inflect as a single unit but follows standard Russian noun rules. "Уход" can inflect as follows:

For "замкнутый" (adjective): This is a standard short-form adjective that agrees with nouns in gender, number, and case. It has regular endings:

• Masculine singular: замкнутый
• Feminine singular: замкнутая
• Neuter singular: замкнутое
• Plural: замкнутые (agrees with noun's case)

Note: "Замкнутый" does not have irregular inflections and follows the first conjugation pattern.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for уход на пенсию: отставка [ɐˈtstavkə] (more formal, often for officials), пенсионный возраст [pʲɛnˈsʲionnɨj vɐzˈrast] (emphasizing age limit). Difference: "Отставка" implies a more abrupt or official exit, while "уход на пенсию" is everyday.
• Synonyms for замкнутый: скромный [ˈskromnɨj] (modest, with a positive connotation), застенчивый [zɐˈstʲɛntɕɪvɨj] (shy, more temporary). Difference: "Застенчивый" suggests nervousness, whereas "замкнутый" implies a deeper personality trait.
• Antonyms: общительный [ɐbˈɕnʲitʲelʲnɨj] (sociable), открытый [ɐtˈkrɨtɨj] (open).

Related Phrases:

• Выйти на пенсию [vɨˈjti na pʲɛnˈsʲiju] - To go into retirement; often used in planning contexts, implying a proactive step.
• Замкнутый образ жизни [zɐmˈknutɨj ɐˈbrasʲ ʒɨzˈnʲi] - A retiring lifestyle; refers to a secluded or introverted way of living, with cultural undertones of introspection.
• Пенсионный фонд [pʲɛnˈsʲionnɨj ˈfond] - Retirement fund; a common phrase in financial discussions related to retiring.

Usage Notes:

"Уход на пенсию" directly corresponds to the English concept of retiring from work and is typically used in formal or bureaucratic settings in Russia, where state pensions play a significant role. Be cautious with "замкнутый," as it carries a neutral to slightly negative connotation in social contexts, unlike the more positive "retiring" in English. When choosing between translations, opt for "уход на пенсию" for professional scenarios and "замкнутый" for personality descriptions. Grammatically, ensure adjectives like "замкнутый" agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "пенсия" alone to mean "retiring," which only refers to the pension itself, not the act. Correct: Say "уход на пенсию" for the full process. Example of error: "Я пенсия" (incorrect); Correct: "Я ухожу на пенсию" [I'm retiring].
• Error: Confusing "замкнутый" with "уставший" (tired), leading to misuse in personality descriptions. Correct: Use "замкнутый" for inherent shyness, not fatigue. Example of error: "Он замкнутый от работы" (implies personality, but might mean tired); Correct: "Он устал от работы" for tiredness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "уход на пенсию" often symbolizes a major life transition, tied to state-provided pensions and family support systems. It can carry emotional weight, as retirement age is a hot topic in Russian society due to demographic changes. "Замкнутый" reflects the value placed on collectivism, where being overly retiring might be seen as antisocial, contrasting with Western individualism.

Related Concepts:

• пенсионер [pʲɛnˈsʲionʲɛr]
• отдых [ɐtˈdix]
• интроверт [ɪnˈtrovʲɛrt]