Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'redundant'

English Word: redundant

Key Russian Translations:

• избыточный /ɪzˈbɨ.təʧ.nɨj/ - [Formal, Technical contexts]
• лишний /ˈlʲiʂ.nɨj/ - [Informal, Everyday speech]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical and written Russian, but less frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding abstract concepts and contextual usage; 'избыточный' may be more challenging due to its formal nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

избыточный: /ɪzˈbɨ.təʧ.nɨj/

Note on избыточный: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'т' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalization.

лишний: /ˈlʲiʂ.nɨj/

Note on лишний: The initial 'л' is palatalized, sounding like 'ly', and the 'ш' is a voiceless retroflex fricative; common in fast speech variations.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Something that is not needed because it is extra or superfluous.

Translation(s) & Context:

• избыточный - Used in formal, technical, or professional contexts, such as in engineering or data management.
• лишний - Applied in informal settings, like everyday conversations about possessions or plans.

Usage Examples:

• Эта информация избыточная и только занимает место в отчете.

  This information is redundant and only takes up space in the report.

• В этой коробке лежит лишний инструмент, который нам не нужен.

  In this box, there's a redundant tool that we don't need.

• Избыточные детали в дизайне могут сделать продукт менее эффективным.

  Redundant details in the design can make the product less efficient.

• Он купил лишнюю одежду, но теперь жалеет об этом.

  He bought redundant clothes, but now he regrets it.

• В компьютере установлена избыточная система охлаждения для предотвращения перегрева.

  The computer has a redundant cooling system to prevent overheating.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'избыточный' and 'лишний' are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern of agreement with nouns. They are not irregular but require attention to declension rules.

These adjectives decline regularly according to Russian grammatical rules. If the adjective is used predicatively, it may not change form, but in attributive positions, it must agree with the noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ненужный (nenuzhnyy) - Similar to 'лишний', but emphasizes complete unusefulness; often used in casual contexts.
  • сверхнормативный (sverkhnormativnyy) - More formal, implying excess beyond standards.
• Antonyms:
  • необходимый (neobkhodimyy) - Essential or required, contrasting with redundancy in necessity-driven contexts.
  • обязательный (obyazatel'nyy) - Mandatory, highlighting the opposite of superfluous elements.

Related Phrases:

• Избыточная информация - Refers to redundant information in data or reports, often in professional settings.
• Лишний вес - Means redundant weight, commonly used in health or fitness contexts to describe excess body weight.
• Избыточные затраты - Indicates redundant expenses, useful in financial discussions to point out unnecessary costs.

Usage Notes:

'Redundant' translates most accurately to 'избыточный' in formal or technical English-Russian contexts, such as IT or engineering, where precision is key. In contrast, 'лишний' is better for everyday scenarios, like describing unnecessary items in daily life. Be mindful of the adjective's agreement with nouns in Russian sentences; always match gender, number, and case. When choosing between translations, opt for 'избыточный' in written or professional communication for a more sophisticated tone, while 'лишний' suits informal speech. Additionally, in Russian, redundancy can imply inefficiency, so usage might carry a subtle negative connotation depending on context.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'избыточный' in casual conversation where 'лишний' is more appropriate, e.g., saying "Это избыточный хлеб" instead of "Это лишний хлеб" for "This bread is redundant."

  Correct: "Это лишний хлеб" – Explanation: 'Избыточный' sounds overly formal and may confuse listeners in everyday talk, making the sentence feel unnatural.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "избыточный машина" (incorrect) instead of "избыточная машина" for feminine nouns.

  Correct: "избыточная машина" – Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to agree with the noun's gender; this mistake can lead to grammatical errors and misunderstandings.

• Error: Confusing with similar words like 'дополнительный' (additional), e.g., treating it as a synonym when it implies unneeded extras.

  Correct: Use 'избыточный' only for truly unnecessary elements – Explanation: 'Дополнительный' means extra but positive, so mixing them up changes the meaning entirely.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts of redundancy often tie into historical contexts like Soviet-era efficiency drives, where 'избыточный' might evoke ideas of wasteful bureaucracy. However, in modern usage, it's more neutral, reflecting practical concerns in technology and daily life without strong cultural undertones.

Related Concepts:

• эффективность (effektivnost') - Efficiency
• необходимость (neobkhodimost') - Necessity
• оптимизация (optimizatsiya) - Optimization