Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'restriction'

English Word: restriction

Key Russian Translations:

• ограничение [ɐgrəˈnʲit͡ɕənʲɪje] - [Formal, Noun]
• запрет [zɐˈprʲet] - [Formal, Often implies prohibition]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, administrative, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun cases and formal language structures in Russian).

Pronunciation (Russian):

ограничение: [ɐgrəˈnʲit͡ɕənʲɪje]

запрет: [zɐˈprʲet]

Note on ограничение: The stress is on the fourth syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on запрет: Pronounced with a soft 'р' in some dialects, but standard Russian uses a clear [r].

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A limitation or control imposed on something

Translation(s) & Context:

• ограничение - Used in formal contexts like laws, rules, or regulations; implies a boundary or limit without necessarily prohibiting.
• запрет - Used when the restriction is absolute, such as bans or prohibitions, often in legal or social contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство ввело новые ограничения на импорт сельскохозяйственной продукции.

  The government introduced new restrictions on the import of agricultural products.

• Из-за пандемии были установлены строгие ограничения на поездки за границу.

  Due to the pandemic, strict restrictions on international travel were imposed.

• В контракте указано ограничение по количеству отработанных часов.

  The contract specifies a restriction on the number of working hours.

• Этот запрет на курение в общественных местах спасает жизни.

  This restriction (ban) on smoking in public places saves lives.

• Ограничения в диете помогают поддерживать здоровье.

  Restrictions in the diet help maintain health.

Meaning 2: Something that confines or limits freedom

Translation(s) & Context:

• ограничение - In personal or psychological contexts, e.g., self-imposed limits.
• запрет - Less common here, but could apply to societal constraints.

Usage Examples:

• Финансовые ограничения заставляют людей жить скромно.

  Financial restrictions force people to live modestly.

• Родительские ограничения помогают детям развиваться ответственно.

  Parental restrictions help children develop responsibly.

• Политические запреты ограничивают свободу слова.

  Political restrictions (bans) limit freedom of speech.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "ограничение" and "запрет" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the third declension pattern. They exhibit case, number, and gender changes, but as neuter nouns, they have specific endings.

These nouns do not have irregular forms but follow standard patterns. Always adjust based on sentence requirements.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ограничители (limiters; more technical)
  • препятствия (obstacles; implies hindrance)
  • ограничитель (a device or means of restriction)
• Antonyms:
  • разрешение (permission)
  • свобода (freedom)

Note: "Ограничения" and "запреты" can have subtle differences; "препятствия" often connotes active barriers, while "ограничения" is more neutral.

Related Phrases:

• Без ограничений - Without restrictions; implies total freedom or unlimited options.
• Под запретом - Under prohibition; used for banned items or actions.
• Ввести ограничения - To impose restrictions; common in policy discussions.
• Снять ограничения - To lift restrictions; e.g., in economic contexts.

Usage Notes:

Use "ограничение" for general limitations, especially in non-absolute contexts, as it aligns closely with the English "restriction" in legal or everyday scenarios. "Запрет" is better for outright bans. Be mindful of Russian case endings; for example, always decline the noun based on its role in the sentence. In formal writing, prefer "ограничение" over slang alternatives. When choosing between translations, consider the context: if it's a law, "ограничение" might be more precise, but for cultural taboos, "запрет" fits better.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "ограничение" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "в ограничение" instead of "в ограничении" (correct genitive).

  Correct: В ограничении движения (In the restriction of movement). Explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case with prepositions and verbs.

• Error: Confusing "ограничение" with "запрет" in contexts where one implies permission rather than a ban, e.g., using "запрет" for a temporary limit.

  Correct: Use "ограничение" for limits; e.g., "Временное ограничение" (Temporary restriction) vs. "запрет" for permanent bans.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, restrictions like "запреты" often stem from historical contexts, such as Soviet-era regulations, which emphasized state control. Words like "ограничение" can evoke themes of bureaucracy, as seen in modern Russian society with its complex administrative systems. Understanding these can help English speakers grasp the nuances of freedom and control in Russian discourse.

Related Concepts:

• контроль (control)
• регулирование (regulation)
• свобода (freedom)
• правила (rules)