Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'resilience'

English Word: resilience

Key Russian Translations:

• стойкость [stɐjˈkostʲ] - [Formal, commonly used in psychological, emotional, or physical contexts]
• устойчивость [ʊstɐˈjʲtʃɪvəstʲ] - [Formal, often in technical or scientific contexts, such as engineering]
• адаптивность [ɐdɐpˈtʲivnəstʲ] - [Formal, Informal, primarily in psychological or adaptive contexts]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations appear regularly in literature, media, and everyday conversation, especially in professional or educational settings, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun inflections, as per CEFR. For 'стойкость', it's B2; for 'устойчивость', it might lean towards B1 in scientific contexts.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стойкость: [stɐjˈkostʲ]

Note on стойкость: The stress is on the second syllable ('kos-'), and the final 'ть' softens the preceding consonant. Pronounce with a clear 'tʲ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization.

устойчивость: [ʊstɐˈjʲtʃɪvəstʲ]

Note on устойчивость: Stress on the third syllable ('chi-'), with a soft 'jʲ' that blends into the 'tʃ' sound. This word often has a more drawn-out vowel in casual speech.

адаптивность: [ɐdɐpˈtʲivnəstʲ]

Note on адаптивность: Stress on the third syllable ('tiv-'), and the word derives from the borrowed root 'adapt', making it easier for English learners, but the palatalized 'tʲ' remains a potential pitfall.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The ability to recover quickly from difficulties, setbacks, or change (e.g., psychological or emotional resilience).

Translation(s) & Context:

• стойкость - Used in personal development, psychology, or motivational contexts to describe mental fortitude.
• адаптивность - Applied in adaptive scenarios, such as coping with stress or environmental changes.

Usage Examples:

• Его стойкость помогла ему преодолеть кризис в бизнесе.

  His resilience helped him overcome the crisis in his business.

• В психологии адаптивность считается ключевым фактором для ментального здоровья.

  In psychology, adaptability is considered a key factor for mental health.

• Несмотря на трудности, её стойкость вдохновляет всю команду.

  Despite the difficulties, her resilience inspires the entire team.

• Адаптивность ребёнка позволяет ему быстро привыкать к новым условиям.

  A child's adaptability allows them to quickly adjust to new conditions.

• Стойкость народа проявилась в годы войны.

  The resilience of the people was evident during the years of war.

Meaning 2: The capacity of a material or system to return to its original shape after being bent, stretched, or compressed (e.g., physical resilience).

Translation(s) & Context:

• устойчивость - Common in scientific, engineering, or material science contexts to denote stability and recovery.
• стойкость - Sometimes used metaphorically, but less common for physical properties.

Usage Examples:

• Устойчивость резины делает её идеальным материалом для шин.

  The resilience of rubber makes it an ideal material for tires.

• Инженеры тестируют устойчивость моста к землетрясениям.

  Engineers are testing the resilience of the bridge to earthquakes.

• Стойкость металла зависит от его сплава.

  The resilience of the metal depends on its alloy.

• В экологии устойчивость экосистем важна для выживания видов.

  In ecology, the resilience of ecosystems is crucial for species survival.

• Эта ткань обладает высокой устойчивостью к растяжению.

  This fabric has high resilience to stretching.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'стойкость' (a feminine noun, 3rd declension), it follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns with changes based on case and number. It is invariable in plural forms in most contexts but can vary by case.

For 'устойчивость' (also feminine, 3rd declension), it has similar inflections but is more commonly used in singular forms in technical contexts:

'Адаптивность' follows the same pattern and is unremarkable in its inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • упорство (uporstvo) - More about persistence with a connotation of stubbornness.
  • терпение (terpenie) - Emphasizes patience as a form of resilience.
  • выносливость (vynoslivost') - Focuses on endurance in physical or mental contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • слабость (slabost') - Weakness or fragility.
  • уязвимость (uyazvimost') - Vulnerability, especially in emotional or systemic contexts.

Related Phrases:

• психологическая стойкость - Psychological resilience; used in therapy or self-help contexts.
• экономическая устойчивость - Economic resilience; refers to a system's ability to withstand financial shocks.
• быть стойким в трудностях - To be resilient in difficulties; a common motivational phrase.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'стойкость' best matches the psychological sense of 'resilience' and is preferred in formal writing or speeches, while 'устойчивость' is more technical. Choose based on context: use 'адаптивность' for adaptive scenarios. Note that Russian often pairs these words with adjectives for nuance, e.g., 'психологическая стойкость'. Grammatically, as feminine nouns, they require agreement in gender, number, and case with associated words.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'стойкость' interchangeably with 'устойчивость' in all contexts. Correct: 'Стойкость' for personal traits; 'устойчивость' for physical systems. Example of error: *Его устойчивость в бизнесе* (incorrect for emotional resilience) vs. Correct: *Его стойкость в бизнесе*.
• Mistake: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., using nominative in all sentences. Correct: In genitive: 'стойкости человека' instead of *стойкость человека* for "of a person's resilience".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'стойкость' often carries historical connotations from events like World War II, symbolizing the nation's endurance. It's frequently glorified in literature (e.g., in Tolstoy's works) as a virtue, emphasizing collective resilience over individual adaptability, which reflects Russia's communal societal values.

Related Concepts:

• адаптация
• выживание
• психологическая устойчивость