Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'reserve'

English Word: reserve

Key Russian Translations:

• запас [ˈza.pəs] - [Formal, Noun, Plural form often used]
• резерв [rɪˈzɛrv] - [Formal, Noun]
• резервировать [rɪ.zɛr.vʲɪˈrovatʲ] - [Formal, Verb, Used in contexts like booking]

Frequency: Medium (Common in business, finance, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and verb conjugations, varying by translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

запас: [ˈza.pəs]

резерв: [rɪˈzɛrv]

резервировать: [rɪ.zɛr.vʲɪˈrovatʲ]

Note on запас: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the soft 's' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A supply kept for future use (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• запас - Used in formal contexts like economics or storage, e.g., in discussions about resources.
• резерв - Similar, but often implies a strategic or backup supply, such as in military or financial contexts.

Usage Examples:

• У нас есть большой запас еды на зиму. (We have a large food reserve for the winter.)

  English: We have a large food reserve for the winter.

• Эти деньги хранятся в резерве для чрезвычайных ситуаций. (These funds are kept in reserve for emergencies.)

  English: These funds are kept in reserve for emergencies.

• В компании поддерживается запас сырья для бесперебойной работы. (The company maintains a reserve of raw materials for uninterrupted operations.)

  English: The company maintains a reserve of raw materials for uninterrupted operations.

• Из-за пандемии, правительства создают запасы медицинских масок. (Due to the pandemic, governments are creating reserves of medical masks.)

  English: Due to the pandemic, governments are creating reserves of medical masks.

Meaning 2: To set aside or book in advance (Verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• резервировать - Used for booking services, like hotel rooms or tickets, in formal or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Я хочу резервировать столик в ресторане на вечер. (I want to reserve a table at the restaurant for the evening.)

  English: I want to reserve a table at the restaurant for the evening.

• Пожалуйста, резервируйте билеты заранее, чтобы избежать проблем. (Please reserve the tickets in advance to avoid issues.)

  English: Please reserve the tickets in advance to avoid issues.

• Он резервировал машину на неделю для поездки. (He reserved a car for a week for the trip.)

  English: He reserved a car for a week for the trip.

• В онлайн-системе вы можете резервировать места в самолёте. (In the online system, you can reserve seats on the plane.)

  English: In the online system, you can reserve seats on the plane.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For запас (a masculine noun):

For резерв (also masculine): Similar declension pattern to запас.

For резервировать (a verb):

Note: These words follow standard Russian inflection rules without irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • склад (sklad) - More general for storage, often interchangeable with запас in non-strategic contexts.
  • фонды (fondsy) - Used specifically for financial reserves, with a nuance towards funds or assets.
• Antonyms:
  • расход (raschod) - Implies expenditure or use, opposite of reserving.
  • тратить (tratat') - To spend, as a verb antonym for резервировать.

Related Phrases:

• Стратегический запас (Strategicheskiy zapas) - A strategic reserve; used in military or economic planning.
• Забронировать билет (Zabronirovat' bilet) - To book a ticket; a common phrase for reservations.
• Резервный фонд (Rezervnyy fond) - Reserve fund; implies a financial backup.

Usage Notes:

"Запас" and "резерв" are nouns that directly correspond to "reserve" in English, but "резерв" often carries a more official or planned connotation, while "запас" is broader. For the verb "to reserve," use "резервировать" in formal situations like travel or events. Be mindful of context: in Russian, these words may require specific cases, e.g., genitive for possession. When choosing between translations, opt for "запас" in everyday storage contexts and "резерв" for strategic ones.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "запас" without proper declension, e.g., saying "в запас" instead of "в запасе" (in reserve).
  Correct: в запасе. Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case; prepositional case is needed here.
• Mistake: Confusing "резервировать" with "заказать" (to order), which is less formal.
  Correct: Use "резервировать" for bookings. Explanation: "Заказать" implies purchasing, while "резервировать" is for holding without immediate payment.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of "резерв" is prominent in historical contexts, such as during the Soviet era with strategic reserves of resources, reflecting a national emphasis on preparedness and self-sufficiency amid geopolitical challenges.

Related Concepts:

• хранение (khraneniye)
• бронь (brony)
• запасной (zapasnoy)