Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'requital'

English Word: requital

Key Russian Translations:

• Вознаграждение /vɐznəˈɡraʒdʲɪnʲe/ - [Formal, used in contexts of compensation or reward]
• Возмездие /vɐzmʲɪˈzʲdʲe/ - [Formal, used in contexts of retribution or vengeance]

Frequency: Low (This vocabulary is not commonly used in everyday conversation but appears in formal, legal, or literary contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding nuanced abstract concepts; learners at this level should grasp basic noun declensions and formal register.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Вознаграждение: /vɐznəˈɡraʒdʲɪnʲe/

Note on Вознаграждение: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("gra"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Возмездие: /vɐzmʲɪˈzʲdʲe/

Note on Возмездие: The initial "v" is pronounced as a voiced labiodental fricative, similar to "v" in "victory," and the word has a rising intonation in emphatic speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Reward or compensation (positive requital)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Вознаграждение - Used in formal settings like business contracts or legal agreements to denote payment for services rendered.

Usage Examples:

• Он получил вознаграждение за свою усердную работу в компании.

  He received requital for his diligent work at the company.

• Вознаграждение за изобретение было значительным, что мотивировало других ученых.

  The requital for the invention was substantial, motivating other scientists.

• Правительство предоставило вознаграждение пострадавшим от стихийного бедствия.

  The government provided requital to those affected by the natural disaster.

• Ее вознаграждение в виде премии подчеркнуло ее вклад в проект.

  Her requital in the form of a bonus highlighted her contribution to the project.

Meaning 2: Retribution or vengeance (negative requital)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Возмездие - Used in literary, philosophical, or legal contexts to imply justice through punishment, often in response to wrongdoing.

Usage Examples:

• Возмездие за преступление было неотвратимым, как в классических романах.

  Requital for the crime was inevitable, as in classic novels.

• Он верил, что возмездие придет в виде кары от судьбы.

  He believed that requital would come in the form of fate's punishment.

• В истории часто показывается, как возмездие восстанавливает баланс в обществе.

  History often shows how requital restores balance in society.

• Ее действия привели к возмездию, которое изменило ход событий.

  Her actions led to requital that altered the course of events.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Вознаграждение" is a neuter noun, and "Возмездие" is also neuter. Russian nouns inflect for case, number, and gender. These words follow standard third-declension patterns with some irregularities.

Note: These nouns do not change in the plural form as they are often used in singular contexts, but if pluralized, they follow standard neuter patterns (e.g., Вознаграждения for multiple rewards).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for Вознаграждение: Награда (exact equivalent for reward), Оплата (payment, with a focus on financial aspects), Премия (bonus, slightly more informal)
• Synonyms for Возмездие: Месть (vengeance, more emotional), Кара (punishment, legal connotation)
• Antonyms for Вознаграждение: Наказание (punishment)
• Antonyms for Возмездие: Прощение (forgiveness, emphasizing mercy over retribution)

Related Phrases:

• Получить вознаграждение - To receive requital (e.g., in a professional context; implies earning compensation).
• Заслуженное возмездие - Deserved requital (used in narratives to denote justified retribution).
• Вознаграждение за труды - Requital for labors (a formal phrase in motivational or historical texts).
• Неотвратимое возмездие - Inevitable requital (common in legal or ethical discussions, implying unavoidable consequences).

Usage Notes:

"Requital" in English often carries a sense of balance or justice, which aligns closely with "вознаграждение" for positive outcomes and "возмездие" for negative ones. Choose "вознаграждение" in formal or professional settings to avoid emotional connotations, while "возмездие" is better for literary or philosophical contexts. Be mindful of Russian's case system; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "за" (for). English learners should note that these words are rarely used in casual speech, so practice in written Russian first.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "вознаграждение" with "награда" and using it interchangeably without context. Correct: "Награда" is more general, while "вознаграждение" specifically implies contractual or earned compensation. Example of error: Saying "Я получил награду за работу" when "вознаграждение" fits better in formal contracts. Explanation: This can dilute the precise meaning; always check the context for formality.

• Error: Incorrectly inflecting "возмездие" in sentences, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Correct: Use dative "возмездию" after verbs like "причинить" (to cause). Example of error: "Причинить возмездие" (wrong); Correct: "Причинить возмездие" should be "Причинить возмездие" in accusative, but properly: "Возмездие было причинено." Explanation: Russian requires accurate case agreement to convey relationships clearly.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "возмездие" often appears in literature and folklore, such as in Dostoevsky's works, symbolizing moral justice or the inevitability of fate's retribution. This reflects a broader Slavic emphasis on collective karma and ethical balance, differing from Western individualism in concepts of requital.

Related Concepts:

• Справедливость (justice)
• Кара (punishment)
• Прощение (forgiveness)
• Награда (reward)