Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'rampant'

English Word: rampant

Key Russian Translations:

• буйный [ˈbuɪ̯nɨj] - [Formal; used for something unrestrained or widespread, often in serious contexts]
• неудержимый [nʲɪʊˈdʲɛrʐɨmɨj] - [Informal; emphasizes inability to control, suitable for dynamic or emotional descriptions]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations are commonly encountered in news, literature, and discussions about social issues, but not in everyday casual speech.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions and contextual nuances. For 'буйный', it's B2; for 'неудержимый', it might lean toward B1 due to its more straightforward usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

буйный: [ˈbuɪ̯nɨj]

Note on буйный: The stress is on the first syllable. Be careful with the palatalized 'y' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's similar to the 'y' in 'yes' but softer.

неудержимый: [nʲɪʊˈdʲɛrʐɨmɨj]

Note on неудержимый: This word has a rolled 'r' and multiple soft consonants; practice breaking it into syllables for better accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Unrestrained or widespread (e.g., referring to something growing unchecked, like inflation or disease)

Translation(s) & Context:

• буйный - Used in formal writing or speeches to describe rampant phenomena, such as social issues; context: economic or environmental discussions.
• неудержимый - Applied in more informal or narrative contexts, like storytelling, to convey emotional intensity; context: personal or literary descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Буйная инфляция разрушает экономику страны.

  Rampant inflation is destroying the country's economy.

• Неудержимый рост преступности беспокоит жителей города.

  The rampant rise in crime is worrying the city's residents.

• В джунглях буйная растительность скрывает древние руины.

  Rampant vegetation in the jungle hides ancient ruins.

• Неудержимый энтузиазм молодёжи вдохновляет на перемены.

  The rampant enthusiasm of the youth inspires change.

• Буйный ветер разнёс листья по всему саду.

  The rampant wind scattered leaves all over the garden.

Wild or unchecked in behavior (e.g., animals or actions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• буйный - Often used for animalistic or natural behaviors in formal or descriptive contexts; context: wildlife or metaphorical language.

Usage Examples:

• Буйный лев бродит по саванне в поисках добычи.

  The rampant lion roams the savanna in search of prey.

• Неудержимый гнев толпы вылился в протесты.

  The rampant anger of the crowd erupted into protests.

• Буйная природа Сибири полна неожиданных опасностей.

  The rampant nature of Siberia is full of unexpected dangers.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'буйный' and 'неудержимый' are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. Adjectives follow the standard pattern of agreement with nouns. 'Буйный' is a short-form adjective in some contexts but primarily long-form.

For 'неудержимый', it has similar inflections but is less commonly used in short form. These adjectives do not change irregularly, making them straightforward once the pattern is learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • разнузданный (raznuzdannyy) - More intense, implying complete lack of restraint.
  • необузданный (neobuzdannyy) - Similar to 'rampant' but with a focus on wildness.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойный (spokoynyy) - Calm and controlled.
  • сдержанный (sderzhannyy) - Restrained or moderate.

Related Phrases:

• Буйный рост - Rampant growth; used in contexts like economics or biology to describe uncontrolled expansion.
• Неудержимый поток - Rampant flow; refers to an overwhelming surge, such as of information or emotions.
• Буйная фантазия - Rampant imagination; implies creative but unchecked ideas, often in artistic discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Rampant' translates most accurately to 'буйный' in formal contexts, where it conveys a sense of widespread and uncontrollable spread, similar to English usage in phrases like 'rampant disease'. However, 'неудержимый' is better for dynamic, emotional scenarios. Always consider the noun's gender and case when using these adjectives in Russian sentences. For English learners, note that Russian adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify, which has no direct equivalent in English. Choose 'буйный' for neutral or serious topics and 'неудержимый' for more vivid, informal expressions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'буйный' without proper declension, e.g., saying "буйный инфляция" instead of "буйная инфляция" (since инфляция is feminine). Correct: Ensure agreement in gender, number, and case. Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match their nouns, unlike English, which can lead to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing 'буйный' with 'буйный' in short form, which might not fit all contexts. Correct: Use the long form for descriptive sentences. Explanation: Beginners often overlook the need for full declension, making sentences sound incomplete.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'буйный' often appear in literature, such as in the works of Tolstoy or Dostoevsky, to describe the untamed aspects of nature or human emotions, reflecting Russia's vast landscapes and historical turbulence. This can evoke a sense of romanticism or chaos, helping English speakers appreciate the depth of Russian expressive language.

Related Concepts:

• хаос (chaos)
• беспорядок (disorder)
• взрывной (explosive)