Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'psychological'

English Word: psychological

Key Russian Translations:

• психологический [psɪxələɡɪtʃɪskʲɪj] - [Formal; used in scientific, academic, or professional contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in educational, psychological, and professional discussions, but not in everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjective forms and vocabulary related to science and psychology, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

психологический: [psɪxələɡɪtʃɪskʲɪj]

Note on психологический: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("lo-"), and the initial "пс" cluster can be challenging for non-native speakers due to its rapid pronunciation. Variations may occur in regional dialects, but standard Russian follows this IPA.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the study of the mind, behavior, or psychology (as an adjective describing mental processes or phenomena)

Translation(s) & Context:

• психологический - Used in formal contexts like psychology, therapy, or academic discussions to describe something connected to mental health or cognitive processes.

Usage Examples:

• Этот психологический тест помогает выявить скрытые страхи. (This psychological test helps reveal hidden fears.)

  English Translation: This psychological test helps reveal hidden fears.

• В романе глубоко исследуются психологические аспекты персонажей. (In the novel, the psychological aspects of the characters are deeply explored.)

  English Translation: In the novel, the psychological aspects of the characters are deeply explored.

• Психологический климат в команде влияет на производительность. (The psychological climate in the team affects performance.)

  English Translation: The psychological climate in the team affects performance.

• Её психологический портрет был нарисован с большой точностью. (Her psychological portrait was drawn with great accuracy.)

  English Translation: Her psychological portrait was drawn with great accuracy.

• Психологический стресс может привести к физическим заболеваниям. (Psychological stress can lead to physical illnesses.)

  English Translation: Psychological stress can lead to physical illnesses. This example shows the word in a health-related context.

Meaning 2: Pertaining to the emotional or mental state of an individual (often in everyday or literary contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• психологический - Applied in narrative or descriptive settings to emphasize internal emotions, as opposed to purely scientific use.

Usage Examples:

• Фильм полон психологических нюансов, которые заставляют задуматься. (The film is full of psychological nuances that make you think.)

  English Translation: The film is full of psychological nuances that make you think.

• Его психологическое состояние ухудшилось после травмы. (His psychological state worsened after the trauma.)

  English Translation: His psychological state worsened after the trauma.

• Психологическая глубина персонажа делает историю увлекательной. (The psychological depth of the character makes the story engaging.)

  English Translation: The psychological depth of the character makes the story engaging.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

психологический is an adjective in Russian, which means it follows the standard patterns of adjectival declension. Russian adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. This word is derived from the noun "психология" and does not have irregular forms.

Note: This is a regular adjective, so it inflects predictably based on Russian grammar rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: ментальный (mental; more general and less specific to psychology), душевный (spiritual or emotional; implies a deeper, personal aspect)
• психический (psychic; similar but often used for mental health disorders, with subtle differences in connotation)
• Antonyms: физический (physical; contrasts with mental aspects), материальный (material; emphasizes tangible over intangible)

Related Phrases:

• Психологический анализ (Psychological analysis; a method used in therapy or research to examine mental processes.)
• Психологическая помощь (Psychological help; refers to professional support for emotional issues.)
• Глубокий психологический портрет (Deep psychological portrait; used in literature to describe character development.)

Usage Notes:

психологический directly corresponds to the English "psychological" in most contexts, particularly in academic or scientific settings. However, it is more commonly used in formal Russian than in casual conversation. When choosing between translations like психологический and психический, opt for the former for broader psychological concepts and the latter for clinical or pathological ones. Be mindful of gender, number, and case agreement in sentences, as Russian adjectives must match their nouns. For example, in everyday usage, it's often paired with nouns like "эффект" (effect) or "состояние" (state).

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing психологический with психический and using it interchangeably. For instance, a learner might say "психический эффект" when meaning a general psychological impact.

  Correct Usage: Use психологический for non-pathological mental processes, e.g., "психологический эффект" (psychological effect). Explanation: психический often implies disorders, so this distinction prevents miscommunication in professional contexts.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., saying "психологический женщина" instead of "психологическая женщина" (psychological woman, in a metaphorical sense).

  Correct Usage: Ensure agreement: "психологическая женщина". Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match the noun's gender, so this is a common pitfall for English speakers used to invariable adjectives.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like психологический are influenced by the historical emphasis on psychology in Soviet-era education and literature. For example, Russian literature often explores deep психологический themes, as seen in works by authors like Dostoevsky, where characters' inner psyches are analyzed, reflecting a cultural fascination with the human mind's complexities.

Related Concepts:

• психология (psychology)
• психика (psyche)
• эмоциональный (emotional)