Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prohibition'

English Word: prohibition

Key Russian Translations:

• запрет [zəˈprʲet] - [Formal, Commonly used in legal and everyday contexts]
• запрещение [zəprʲiˈʂenʲije] - [Formal, Often in official or bureaucratic settings]

Frequency: Medium (The word is frequently encountered in legal, governmental, and social discussions, but not as common in casual conversation as everyday terms.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and formal vocabulary. For 'запрещение', it may lean towards B2 due to its more complex form.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

запрет: [zəˈprʲet]

запрещение: [zəprʲiˈʂenʲije]

Note on запрет: The stress is on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for English speakers. A common variant in rapid speech might soften the 'т' sound.

Note on запрещение: This word has a softer 'щ' sound, similar to 'shch' in "fresh cheese"; pay attention to the ending for proper emphasis.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The act of forbidding or banning something, often by law or authority.

Translation(s) & Context:

• запрет - Used in general contexts for prohibitions, such as laws or rules (e.g., in everyday or formal settings).
• запрещение - Applied in more official or legal contexts, emphasizing enforcement or prohibition through authority.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство ввело запрет на курение в общественных местах.

  The government introduced a prohibition on smoking in public places.

• Из-за эпидемии было объявлено запрещение массовых собраний.

  Due to the epidemic, a prohibition on mass gatherings was announced.

• В этом парке действует запрет на выгул собак без поводка.

  In this park, there is a prohibition on walking dogs without a leash.

• Запрещение алкоголя в стране привело к социальным изменениям.

  The prohibition of alcohol in the country led to social changes.

• Международное запрещение химического оружия было подписано многими странами.

  The international prohibition of chemical weapons was signed by many countries.

2. A period or system of banning, such as alcohol prohibition (e.g., historical context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• запрет - In historical or specific contexts, like the alcohol ban (e.g., "сухой закон" for Prohibition era, but 'запрет' is the core term).
• запрещение - More formal for enforced bans, such as in legal histories.

Usage Examples:

• В 1919 году в США начался запрет на алкоголь, известный как "сухой закон".

  In 1919, the prohibition of alcohol began in the US, known as the "dry law".

• Запрещение азартных игр в некоторых регионах России вызвало споры.

  The prohibition of gambling in some regions of Russia sparked controversies.

• Этот запрет на экспорт был введен для защиты национальной экономики.

  This prohibition on exports was introduced to protect the national economy.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'запрет' and 'запрещение' are nouns. 'Запрет' is a masculine noun with regular declension, while 'запрещение' is a neuter noun with standard patterns. Below is a table for their key inflections:

Note: These follow regular Russian noun patterns, with no irregularities, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ограничение (ogranichenie) - Limitation, often used interchangeably but implies restrictions rather than total bans.
  • блокировка (blokirovka) - Blockade, more specific to digital or physical barriers.
• Antonyms:
  • разрешение (razreshenie) - Permission, directly opposite in legal contexts.
  • дозволение (dozvolenie) - Allowance, used in formal settings.

Related Phrases:

• Ввести запрет - To impose a prohibition (used in policy or legal discussions).
• Под запрет - Under prohibition (e.g., banned items).
• Снять запрет - To lift a prohibition (common in regulatory contexts).
• Запрет на ввоз - Prohibition on imports (specific to trade).

Usage Notes:

• 'Запрет' is the most direct translation for 'prohibition' in general use and is preferred in everyday English-Russian correspondence due to its simplicity.
• 'Запрещение' is more formal and often appears in legal documents; choose it when emphasizing enforcement, but avoid it in casual speech to prevent sounding overly bureaucratic.
• Be mindful of context: In historical discussions (e.g., U.S. Prohibition), pair with 'сухой закон' for accuracy.
• Grammatically, these nouns require correct declension based on case, which can affect sentence structure in Russian.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'запрет' with 'запрещение': Learners might overuse 'запрещение' in simple contexts, making speech sound too formal. Correct: Use 'запрет' for everyday bans; e.g., Wrong: "Я сделал запрещение курить" (I made a prohibition on smoking). Right: "Я ввёл запрет на курение".
• Incorrect declension: Forgetting to change endings, e.g., Saying "без запрет" instead of "без запретов" in plural. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always adjust based on the sentence structure.
• Mispronouncing the stress: Placing stress on the wrong syllable, like [ˈzəprʲet] instead of [zəˈprʲet], which can alter meaning or comprehension.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, prohibitions often tie to historical events like the Soviet-era restrictions on private enterprise or alcohol policies. For instance, 'сухой закон' references Russia's own prohibition attempts in the early 20th century, reflecting themes of social control and reform, which can influence modern attitudes toward bans.

Related Concepts:

• закон (law)
• регулирование (regulation)
• санкции (sanctions)