Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'protuberant'

English Word: protuberant

Key Russian Translations:

• выступающий [vɨˈstupəjʊʂɨj] - [Formal, often used in anatomical or descriptive contexts]
• выпуклый [vɨˈpuklɨj] - [Informal, specifically for physical or geometric protrusions]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation but appear in technical, medical, or descriptive texts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper-Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections, which can be challenging for learners beyond basic levels.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

выступающий: [vɨˈstupəjʊʂɨj]

Note on выступающий: The stress falls on the third syllable ("stu"), and the "ш" sound is a soft, palatalized fricative. Pay attention to the vowel reductions in casual speech.

выпуклый: [vɨˈpuklɨj]

Note on выпуклый: The stress is on the second syllable ("puk"), and the final "ый" is typically pronounced as a soft [ɨj]. This word has minimal variation in pronunciation across dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Protruding or bulging outward (e.g., describing something that sticks out, like a physical feature or object)

Translation(s) & Context:

• выступающий - Used in formal contexts such as medicine, anatomy, or architecture to describe something that extends outward prominently.
• выпуклый - Applied in everyday or technical descriptions of shapes, like in geometry or product design, for something convex or bulging.

Usage Examples:

• У него выступающий подбородок, что придаёт лицу выразительность.

  He has a protuberant chin, which gives his face a distinctive expression.

• Эта выпуклая кнопка на панели управления легко заметна в темноте.

  This protuberant button on the control panel is easily noticeable in the dark.

• В старом здании есть выступающий карниз, который защищает от дождя.

  In the old building, there is a protuberant cornice that protects from rain.

• Выпуклый дизайн этой оправы очков делает их более комфортными для носа.

  The protuberant design of this eyeglass frame makes them more comfortable for the nose.

• Медики заметили выступающий узел на коже пациента во время осмотра.

  Doctors noticed a protuberant nodule on the patient's skin during the examination.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "выступающий" and "выпуклый" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives generally follow a regular pattern, but "выступающий" (a present active participle used as an adjective) may have slight irregularities in some forms.

For "выступающий":

For "выпуклый" (more regular):

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form usage, but full inflections are standard in modern Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • выдающийся (vydaiushchiysia) - Similar but often implies prominence in a broader sense; used for more emphatic protrusions.
  • выпяченный (vypyachennyy) - Specifically for something pushed outward, like in facial expressions.
• Antonyms:
  • впалый (vpalyy) - Meaning "sunken" or "concave," contrasting with outward protrusion.

Related Phrases:

• выступающий профиль (vystupayushchiy profil) - A protruding profile; used in descriptions of faces or landscapes.
• выпуклый рельеф (vypuklyy relief) - Convex relief; common in geography or art to describe raised terrain.
• выступающий элемент (vystupayushchiy element) - Protruding element; refers to design features in engineering.

Usage Notes:

"Protuberant" translates most accurately to "выступающий" in formal contexts like medicine or anatomy, where precision is key, whereas "выпуклый" is better for physical or geometric descriptions. Be mindful of the adjective's agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case—e.g., use "выступающая" for feminine nouns. In everyday Russian, these words are more common in written or technical language rather than casual speech. When choosing between translations, consider the context: "выступающий" emphasizes extension, while "выпуклый" highlights curvature.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "выступающий" interchangeably with "выдающийся" without considering nuance. Correct: "Выдающийся" implies excellence or prominence, not just physical protrusion. Example of error: Saying "выдающийся подбородок" for a physical feature; better: "выступающий подбородок".

• Mistake: Forgetting adjective inflections, e.g., using "выпуклый" with a feminine noun without changing to "выпуклая". Correct: In a sentence like "выпуклая кнопка" (protuberant button). This error can make the sentence grammatically incorrect.

Cultural Notes:

Words like "выступающий" and "выпуклый" don't carry strong cultural connotations in Russian, but they are often used in artistic or literary descriptions, such as in Russian literature (e.g., Tolstoy's detailed character portraits). In medical contexts, they relate to everyday health discussions, reflecting Russia's emphasis on descriptive language in healthcare narratives.

Related Concepts:

• бугор (bugor) - Bump or mound.
• опухоль (opukhol') - Swelling or tumor.
• выступ (vystup) - Protrusion or ledge.