Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pulmonary'

English Word: pulmonary

Key Russian Translations:

• легочный [lʲɪˈɡotɕnɨj] - [Formal, Medical; Used in scientific and healthcare contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific literature, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; Requires familiarity with medical terminology and Russian adjective declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

легочный: [lʲɪˈɡotɕnɨj]

Note on легочный: The stress falls on the second syllable ("go"). The initial "л" is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds like a soft "l" as in "luxury". Variations in pronunciation may occur in regional dialects, but standard Russian uses this form.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Relating to the lungs or the respiratory system (e.g., in medical contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• легочный - Used in formal medical descriptions, such as diagnosing lung-related conditions; appropriate in professional or academic settings.

Usage Examples:

• Легочная артерия отвечает за перенос крови к лёгким.

  Pulmonary artery is responsible for carrying blood to the lungs. (This example shows the adjective in a nominative singular context, describing a body part in a medical explanation.)

• У пациента диагностирована легочная инфекция после длительного курения.

  The patient has been diagnosed with a pulmonary infection after prolonged smoking. (Demonstrates use in a clinical sentence, with the adjective agreeing in gender and case with the noun.)

• Легочные заболевания часто связаны с загрязнением воздуха в городах.

  Pulmonary diseases are often linked to air pollution in cities. (Illustrates plural form in a broader environmental or public health discussion.)

• Врачи рекомендуют регулярные проверки легочной функции для курильщиков.

  Doctors recommend regular checks of pulmonary function for smokers. (Shows the adjective in genitive case, common in phrases involving examinations.)

• Легочный отек может быть симптомом сердечной недостаточности.

  Pulmonary edema can be a symptom of heart failure. (Highlights use in describing symptoms, with potential for more complex medical terminology.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The word "легочный" is an adjective, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case in Russian. It follows the standard first-declension adjective pattern, with no irregularities. Below is a table outlining its key forms:

Note: This adjective does not change in short form or have special stem variations, making it relatively straightforward once the basic patterns are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пульмональный (More technical synonym, often used interchangeably in advanced medical texts; implies a direct borrowing from Latin roots)
• Antonyms:
  • кардиальный (Relating to the heart; used in opposition when discussing different organ systems)

Related Phrases:

• Легочная артерия - Pulmonary artery (A key anatomical term in cardiology and respiratory medicine)
• Легочная система - Pulmonary system (Refers to the overall lung-related structures and functions)
• Легочная недостаточность - Pulmonary insufficiency (Describes a condition where lung function is impaired)

Usage Notes:

"Легочный" directly corresponds to the English "pulmonary" in medical contexts, emphasizing its role as an adjective for lung-related matters. It is typically used in formal settings like hospitals or research papers, and always agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies—e.g., "легочная инфекция" for a feminine noun. English learners should note that Russian medical vocabulary often draws from Latin, so "пульмональный" might be preferred in very technical translations. When choosing between translations, opt for "легочный" in everyday Russian medical discussions and "пульмональный" for international or academic contexts to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., saying "легочный инфекция" instead of "легочная инфекция" (where "инфекция" is feminine).

  Correct: Легочная инфекция. Explanation: In Russian, adjectives must match the noun's gender; this mistake can make the sentence grammatically incorrect and confusing in medical contexts.

• Error: Confusing it with similar-sounding words like "лечебный" (therapeutic), leading to misuse in sentences.

  Correct: Use "легочный" only for lung-related terms. Explanation: "Лечебный" relates to treatment, so mixing them up could alter the meaning entirely in a medical diagnosis.

Cultural Notes:

Terms like "легочный" are primarily rooted in scientific and medical fields rather than cultural idioms. However, in Russian culture, discussions around pulmonary health often tie into broader public health campaigns, such as anti-smoking initiatives, reflecting the country's historical emphasis on collective well-being during the Soviet era. This can add a layer of social awareness when using the term in conversations about respiratory diseases.

Related Concepts:

• бронхиальный (bronchial)
• респираторный (respiratory)
• кардиальный (cardiac)