Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'peruse'

English Word: peruse

Key Russian Translations:

• Просматривать [prɐsˈmatrʲɪvətʲ] - [Informal, used for quick or cursory reading]
• Изучать [ɪˈzut͡ɕɪtʲ] - [Formal, used for thorough or in-depth examination]
• Внимательно читать [v nʲɪmɐˈtʲelʲnə tɕʲɪˈtatʲ] - [Neutral, literal translation emphasizing careful attention]

Frequency: Medium (The verb is commonly used in educational and professional contexts but not as ubiquitous as basic verbs like "читать").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR standards; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual nuances, though the core meaning is straightforward for learners at this level).

Pronunciation (Russian):

Просматривать: [prɐsˈmatrʲɪvətʲ]

Изучать: [ɪˈzut͡ɕɪtʲ]

Внимательно читать: [v nʲɪmɐˈtʲelʲnə tɕʲɪˈtatʲ]

Note on Просматривать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. This verb often has variants in imperfective aspect.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Main meaning: To read or examine something carefully and thoroughly.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Просматривать - Used in informal contexts for browsing or scanning documents, such as emails or articles.
• Изучать - Applied in formal or academic settings for in-depth study, like researching a book.
• Внимательно читать - General context for any careful reading, often in everyday or professional scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Я просматриваю газету каждое утро, чтобы быстро узнать новости. (Ya prosmatrivayu gazetu kazhdoe utro, chtoby bystro uznat' novosti.)

  I peruse the newspaper every morning to quickly get the news. (This example shows informal, daily usage in a routine context.)

• Студенты изучают учебник перед экзаменом, чтобы понять все детали. (Studenty izuchayut uchebnik pered ekzamenom, chtoby ponyat' vse detali.)

  Students peruse the textbook before the exam to understand all the details. (Illustrates formal, academic usage with a focus on thoroughness.)

• Она внимательно читает контракт, прежде чем подписать его. (Ona vnimatel'no chitaet kontrakt, prezhde chem podpisat' ego.)

  She peruses the contract carefully before signing it. (Demonstrates neutral usage in a professional or legal context, emphasizing caution.)

• Мы просматриваем меню в ресторане, выбирая блюда на основе описаний. (My prosmatrivayem menyu v restorane, vybiraya blyuda na osnove opisaniy.)

  We peruse the menu in the restaurant, choosing dishes based on the descriptions. (Shows a casual, everyday application in decision-making.)

• В библиотеке я изучаю старые манускрипты для исторического исследования. (V biblioteke ya izuchayu starые manuskripty dlya istoricheskogo issledovaniya.)

  In the library, I peruse old manuscripts for historical research. (Highlights advanced, specialized usage in scholarly contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily verbs, which in Russian undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. "Просматривать" and "Изучать" are imperfective verbs, indicating ongoing actions, while "Внимательно читать" is a phrase involving the verb "читать." Russian verbs follow regular patterns but can have irregularities.

For Просматривать (imperfective):

For Изучать, the conjugation follows a similar regular pattern to "Просматривать."

Внимательно читать is a phrase and does not inflect as a single word, but "читать" conjugates regularly.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Читать (chitat' - to read, more general); Осматривать (osmatrivat' - to inspect visually); Анализировать (analizirovat' - to analyze in detail).
• The synonym "Осматривать" is often used interchangeably but implies a more visual scan, while "Анализировать" adds a layer of critical thinking.
• Antonyms: Игнорировать (ignorirovat' - to ignore); Пропускать (propuskat' - to skip).

Related Phrases:

• Внимательно просматривать документы (Vnimatel'no prosmatrivat' dokumenty) - To peruse documents carefully; used in legal or administrative contexts.
• Изучать материал в деталях (Izuchat' material v detal'yakh) - To peruse material in detail; common in educational settings for thorough review.
• Быстро просматривать текст (Bystro prosmatrivat' tekst) - To quickly peruse text; implies a less intensive form of reading.

Usage Notes:

"Peruse" in English often implies a careful, detailed reading, which aligns closely with "изучать" in formal Russian contexts or "просматривать" informally. Choose "изучать" for academic or professional scenarios to convey depth, while "просматривать" suits everyday browsing. Be mindful of aspect in Russian verbs: use imperfective forms like these for ongoing actions. In spoken Russian, these verbs may vary by region, so context dictates the best fit.

• Grammar note: Always conjugate based on subject; e.g., avoid using the infinitive in sentences where a conjugated form is needed.
• Translation guidance: If "peruse" means "to browse quickly," prefer "просматривать"; for "to study deeply," use "изучать."

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse aspect, e.g., using the perfective form "просмотреть" (prosmotret') when "peruse" implies an ongoing action, leading to: Incorrect: "Я просмотрел книгу" (meaning "I finished perusing the book"), which suggests completion. Correct: "Я просматриваю книгу" for ongoing perusal. Another error is confusing with "читать," resulting in overly literal translations that lack nuance—e.g., saying "Я читаю" for "I peruse," which is too vague without specifying care.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, thorough reading or "perusing" texts is highly valued in education and literature, reflecting a historical emphasis on intellectual pursuits from the Soviet era. For instance, classics like Tolstoy's works are often "изучены" (perused) in schools, symbolizing deep engagement with national heritage.

Related Concepts:

• Чтение (chtenie - reading)
• Анализ (analiz - analysis)
• Исследование (issledovanie - research)