Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prescription'

English Word: prescription

Key Russian Translations:

• рецепт /rɪˈsɛpt/ - [Formal, Medical context]
• предписание /prʲɪdˈpʲɪsənʲjə/ - [Formal, General or legal context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and official documents, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and context-specific usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

рецепт: /rɪˈsɛpt/ (Stress on the second syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which is a common feature in Russian phonetics)

Note on рецепт: Be mindful of the soft sign (ь) at the end, which softens the preceding consonant but doesn't affect pronunciation in this case.

Audio: []

предписание: /prʲɪdˈpʲɪsənʲjə/ (Stress on the third syllable; palatalized consonants are key to authentic pronunciation)

Note on предписание: The word features multiple palatalized consonants (e.g., 'пʲ'), which can be challenging for learners new to Russian phonology.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A written order for medication from a doctor (Medical context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• рецепт - Used in formal medical settings, such as pharmacies or hospitals.

Usage Examples:

• Врач выписал рецепт на антибиотики. (The doctor wrote a prescription for antibiotics.)

  Translation: The doctor wrote a prescription for antibiotics. (This example shows the word in a simple declarative sentence in a medical context.)

• Я забыл рецепт дома и не смог купить лекарство. (I forgot the prescription at home and couldn't buy the medicine.)

  Translation: I forgot the prescription at home and couldn't buy the medicine. (Illustrates the word in a personal, everyday scenario with past tense.)

• В аптеке проверили рецепт перед выдачей таблеток. (At the pharmacy, they checked the prescription before dispensing the pills.)

  Translation: At the pharmacy, they checked the prescription before dispensing the pills. (Demonstrates usage in a procedural context.)

• Рецепт был недействителен, так как истёк срок. (The prescription was invalid because it had expired.)

  Translation: The prescription was invalid because it had expired. (Shows the word with adjectives and in a conditional state.)

Meaning 2: A directive, order, or set of instructions (General or legal context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предписание - Used in official, administrative, or regulatory contexts, such as laws or guidelines.

Usage Examples:

• Согласно предписанию, все документы должны быть поданы к концу месяца. (According to the prescription, all documents must be submitted by the end of the month.)

  Translation: According to the prescription, all documents must be submitted by the end of the month. (This example highlights the word in a bureaucratic setting with temporal phrases.)

• Суд выдал предписание о запрете строительства. (The court issued a prescription prohibiting construction.)

  Translation: The court issued a prescription prohibiting construction. (Illustrates usage in a legal context with infinitive phrases.)

• Это предписание не подлежит обсуждению. (This prescription is not up for discussion.)

  Translation: This prescription is not up for discussion. (Shows the word in an emphatic, declarative sentence.)

• Предписание от министерства изменило правила безопасности. (The prescription from the ministry changed the safety rules.)

  Translation: The prescription from the ministry changed the safety rules. (Demonstrates the word with prepositional phrases and past tense.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "рецепт" and "предписание" are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard masculine noun declension patterns. They are not irregular but do change based on case and number.

Note: These nouns do not change in gender but must agree with adjectives and verbs based on case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • рецептура (receptura) - More specific to formulas or recipes in a pharmaceutical sense.
  • указание (ukazanie) - For general instructions, often interchangeable with предписание in administrative contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • отказ (otkaz) - Refusal or denial, contrasting with a directive.
  • разрешение (razreshenie) - Permission, opposite in regulatory contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Медицинский рецепт (Medicheskiy recept) - Meaning: Medical prescription; used specifically for doctor-issued documents.
• Официальное предписание (Ofitsialnoye predpisanie) - Meaning: Official directive; common in legal or governmental settings.
• Выписать рецепт (Vypisat' recept) - Meaning: To write out a prescription; a verb phrase for issuing medical orders.

Usage Notes:

"Рецепт" is the most direct translation for medical prescriptions and is widely used in healthcare contexts, similar to English. However, "предписание" is better for non-medical directives, such as legal orders. Choose based on context: use "рецепт" for anything pharmacy-related and "предписание" for formal instructions. Note that both words are formal; in casual speech, Russians might use simpler terms like "список" (list) for informal lists. Grammatically, always decline these nouns according to Russian case rules to ensure agreement.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "рецепт" in a non-medical context, e.g., saying "рецепт закона" instead of "предписание закона".
  Correct: "Предписание закона" (The law's prescription).
  Explanation: This confuses the medical and general meanings; "рецепт" is specific to medicine, leading to misunderstandings.
• Mistake: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., saying "Я имею рецепт" in genitive contexts.
  Correct: "Я имею рецепт" is fine in nominative, but in phrases like "без рецепта" (without a prescription), ensure proper form.
  Explanation: Russian requires case agreement; English learners often overlook this, resulting in grammatically incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "рецепт" is deeply tied to the healthcare system, where obtaining medication without one is strictly regulated, reflecting a history of state-controlled medicine since the Soviet era. "Предписание" often carries a bureaucratic connotation, evoking Russia's administrative traditions, which can imply authority and formality in everyday interactions.

Related Concepts:

• лекарство (lekastro)
• документ (dokument)
• инструкция (instruktsiya)