Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'predisposition'

English Word: predisposition

Key Russian Translations:

• предрасположенность [prʲɪdrəspɐlɐʐɛnnəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Singular]

Frequency: Medium (This word is commonly used in medical, psychological, and formal contexts but not in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of complex noun forms and medical terminology in Russian, based on CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предрасположенность: [prʲɪdrəspɐlɐʐɛnnəsʲtʲ]

Note on предрасположенность: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("lozhn-"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the cluster of consonants. It is a feminine noun with potential for slight regional variations in vowel pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A natural tendency or inclination towards something, often in a medical or psychological context.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предрасположенность - Used in formal discussions about genetics, health, or personality traits, such as in medical reports or psychological evaluations.

Usage Examples:

• У него есть генетическая предрасположенность к аллергии.

  He has a genetic predisposition to allergies.

• Предрасположенность к творчеству часто проявляется в детстве.

  A predisposition to creativity often manifests in childhood.

• Эта предрасположенность может быть обусловлена окружением.

  This predisposition might be influenced by the environment.

• В психологии предрасположенность объясняет поведенческие шаблоны.

  In psychology, predisposition explains behavioral patterns.

• Предрасположенность к болезням следует проверять регулярно.

  Predispositions to diseases should be checked regularly.

A pre-existing condition or susceptibility, especially in non-medical contexts like law or social sciences.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предрасположенность - Applied in legal or social contexts to describe inherent biases or tendencies, such as in court cases or sociological studies.

Usage Examples:

• Суд учел предрасположенность обвиняемого к повторным преступлениям.

  The court considered the defendant's predisposition to repeat offenses.

• Предрасположенность к риску делает его идеальным инвестором.

  His predisposition to risk makes him an ideal investor.

• В воспитании важно учитывать предрасположенность ребенка к определенным навыкам.

  In upbringing, it's important to consider a child's predisposition to certain skills.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

предрасположенность is a feminine noun in Russian, belonging to the first declension. It follows regular patterns for most cases but can vary based on number and case. Below is a table outlining its inflections:

Note: This word does not change in gender or have verbal inflections, as it is a noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • наклонность (naklonmost') - More general term for inclination, often used in everyday contexts.
  • тенденция (tendentsiya) - Emphasizes a directional trend, common in scientific discussions.
• Antonyms:
  • непредрасположенность (nepredraspolozhennost') - Directly opposite, meaning lack of predisposition.
  • устойчивость (ustoychivost') - Implies resistance or stability against tendencies.

Related Phrases:

• генетическая предрасположенность - Genetic predisposition; used in medical genetics to discuss inherited traits.
• психическая предрасположенность - Psychological predisposition; refers to mental health vulnerabilities.
• природная предрасположенность - Innate predisposition; highlights natural, inborn tendencies in personality development.

Usage Notes:

предрасположенность directly corresponds to the English "predisposition" in formal contexts like medicine and psychology, but it is less common in casual speech. Always use it in the appropriate case to match the sentence structure, as Russian nouns inflect based on grammatical role. For example, choose this term over simpler synonyms like "наклонность" when discussing scientific or legal matters for precision. If multiple translations exist, select based on context: use предрасположенность for inherent traits and тенденция for broader patterns.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse the genitive form, using "предрасположенность" instead of "предрасположенности" in phrases like "к предрасположенности" (to predisposition). Correct usage: "к предрасположенности аллергии" (to an allergy predisposition). Error example: "к предрасположенность" – This is grammatically incorrect because it misses the genitive ending.

• Misplacing stress: Pronouncing it as [prʲɪdrəspɐlɐʐɛ́nnəsʲtʲ] instead of the correct [prʲɪdrəspɐlɐ̀ʐɛnnəsʲtʲ]. This can alter meaning or sound unnatural; practice with native audio to avoid.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of предрасположенность is often tied to historical and philosophical ideas, such as in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where innate character traits influence destiny. This reflects a broader Slavic emphasis on fate and heredity, differing from Western views that might prioritize environment over genetics.

Related Concepts:

• генетика (genetika)
• психология (psikhologiya)
• тенденция (tendentsiya)