Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'predict'

English Word: predict

Key Russian Translations:

• предсказывать /prʲɪd.skɐˈzɨ.vətʲ/ - [Verb, Informal, Used in everyday predictions]
• прогнозировать /prɐ.ɡnɐˈzʲi.rə.vətʲ/ - [Verb, Formal, Often used in scientific or professional contexts]
• предвидеть /prʲɪdˈvʲi.dʲɛ.tʲ/ - [Verb, Literary, Implies foresight or intuition]

Frequency: Medium (Common in daily conversations, news, and professional settings, but not as ubiquitous as basic verbs like "to be").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and context, with прогнозировать potentially reaching B2 due to its formal usage).

Pronunciation (Russian):

предсказывать: /prʲɪd.skɐˈzɨ.vətʲ/

прогнозировать: /prɐ.ɡnɐˈzʲi.rə.vətʲ/

предвидеть: /prʲɪdˈvʲi.dʲɛ.tʲ/

Note on предсказывать: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the soft sign (ь) which affects pronunciation, making it more challenging for English speakers due to Russian's palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Main meaning: To state in advance that something will happen, often based on evidence or intuition.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предсказывать - Used in casual or prophetic contexts, such as weather or personal predictions.
• прогнозировать - Applied in formal, data-driven scenarios like economics or meteorology.
• предвидеть - Employed in literary or philosophical discussions, implying deeper insight.

Usage Examples:

• Я предсказываю, что цены на нефть вырастут в следующем квартале.

  I predict that oil prices will rise in the next quarter.

• Ученые прогнозируют глобальное потепление на основе климатических моделей.

  Scientists predict global warming based on climate models.

• Она предвидела проблемы в отношениях еще до того, как они начались.

  She predicted problems in the relationship before they even started.

• Метеорологи предсказывают шторм, так что будьте осторожны.

  Meteorologists predict a storm, so be careful.

• Экономисты прогнозируют спад, если не будут приняты меры.

  Economists predict a downturn if measures aren't taken.

Secondary meaning: To foretell or prophesy, often in a non-scientific way.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предсказывать - In mystical or everyday prophetic use, like fortune-telling.
• предвидеть - In contexts involving intuition or premonition.

Usage Examples:

• В старинных легендах шаманы предсказывали будущее через ритуалы.

  In ancient legends, shamans predicted the future through rituals.

• Он предвидел исход битвы, основываясь на опыте.

  He predicted the outcome of the battle based on experience.

• Астрологи предсказывают удачу в любви для вашего знака зодиака.

  Astrologers predict luck in love for your zodiac sign.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs, which in Russian undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. They are imperfective verbs, meaning they describe ongoing or repeated actions.

For предсказывать (imperfective):

Note: прогнозировать and предвидеть follow similar conjugation patterns but may have slight variations in perfective forms (e.g., спрогнозировать for a completed action). These verbs are regular in most aspects but require attention to stem changes.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предвидеть (implies more intuitive foresight)
  • прогнозировать (more formal, data-based)
  • пророчить (prophesy, with a mystical connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • отрицать (to deny)
  • сомневаться (to doubt)

Related Phrases:

• предсказывать погоду - Weather forecasting; used in daily life for checking forecasts.
• прогнозировать кризис - To forecast a crisis; common in economic discussions.
• предвидеть опасность - To foresee danger; often in safety or adventure contexts.
• пророческий сон - Prophetic dream; a phrase from folklore indicating intuitive predictions.

Usage Notes:

предсказывать is the most direct equivalent to "predict" in informal English contexts, while прогнозировать aligns better with formal or technical usage. Choose based on context: use предвидеть for matters involving intuition or literature. Russian verbs like these require aspect consideration—pair with perfective forms (e.g., предсказать) for completed actions. Be aware of gender agreement in past tense (e.g., предсказывал for masculine, предсказывала for feminine).

• Always conjugate according to subject for natural flow.
• In professional settings, прогнозировать is preferred to sound authoritative.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse aspect, saying "Я предсказываю вчера" instead of the correct past form "Я предсказал вчера" (I predicted yesterday). Error: Using present tense for past events; Correct: Use past tense like предсказывал. Another common mistake is confusing with synonyms—e.g., using предвидеть when прогнозировать is needed in scientific contexts, which can make the statement sound overly dramatic.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like предсказывать often evoke folklore and mysticism, such as in stories of shamans or prophetic dreams from Slavic traditions. This reflects a cultural emphasis on fate and intuition, contrasting with Western scientific approaches, which might influence how predictions are discussed in everyday Russian conversations.

Related Concepts:

• прогноз
• пророчество
• интуиция