Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'probation'

English Word: probation

Key Russian Translations:

• пробация [prɐˈbat͡sɨjə] - [Formal, Legal context]
• испытательный срок [ɪspɨˈtatʲelʲnɨj ˈsrok] - [Formal, Employment or general trial period]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and professional contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves specialized vocabulary; for 'пробация', it may be B2 due to its legal nuances)

Pronunciation (Russian):

пробация: [prɐˈbat͡sɨjə]

Note on пробация: The stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the soft 'т' sound, which is palatalized in Russian.

испытательный срок: [ɪspɨˈtatʲelʲnɨj ˈsrok]

Note on испытательный срок: The word 'испытательный' has stress on the second syllable; it's a compound phrase, so pronounce each part distinctly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Legal probation (e.g., a period of supervision for offenders instead of imprisonment)

Translation(s) & Context:

• пробация - Used in formal legal settings, such as court decisions, to refer to a supervised release period.

Usage Examples:

• Суд приговорил его к пробации на один год с обязательным участием в программах реабилитации.

  The court sentenced him to probation for one year with mandatory participation in rehabilitation programs.

• Во время пробации он должен регулярно отчитываться перед пробационным офицером.

  During probation, he must regularly report to his probation officer.

• Пробация позволила ему избежать тюрьмы, но потребовала строгого соблюдения условий.

  Probation allowed him to avoid prison but required strict adherence to conditions.

• Если нарушить условия пробации, она может быть заменена на реальное заключение.

  If the conditions of probation are violated, it can be replaced with actual imprisonment.

Employment or trial period probation (e.g., a testing phase for new employees)

Translation(s) & Context:

• испытательный срок - Applied in professional contexts, such as job contracts, to evaluate performance before permanent employment.

Usage Examples:

• В контракте указано, что испытательный срок составляет три месяца.

  The contract states that the probation period is three months.

• Во время испытательного срока сотрудник может быть уволен без объяснения причин.

  During the probation period, an employee can be dismissed without explanation.

• После успешного прохождения испытательного срока он получил постоянную позицию.

  After successfully completing the probation period, he was offered a permanent position.

• Испытательный срок помогает работодателю оценить навыки кандидата в реальных условиях.

  The probation period helps the employer assess the candidate's skills in real-world conditions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Пробация' is a feminine noun borrowed from English, and it follows standard Russian inflection patterns for foreign words. It is relatively invariable in common usage but can change in cases:

'Испытательный срок' is a phrase where 'испытательный' is an adjective (declines) and 'срок' is a masculine noun (declines). For example:

This phrase is not irregular but follows standard adjectival and nominal inflections.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Условное наказание (similar to 'пробация' in legal contexts; implies a suspended sentence)
  • Испытание (more general, for 'испытательный срок'; can imply testing without formal employment ties)
• Antonyms:
  • Заключение (imprisonment, opposite of probation in legal settings)
  • Постоянная работа (permanent employment, contrasting with a trial period)

Related Phrases:

• На пробации - On probation; used to describe someone's current status under supervision.
• Проходить испытательный срок - To undergo a probation period; common in job contexts to indicate evaluation phase.
• Условно-досрочное освобождение - Conditional early release; a related legal phrase often paired with probation concepts.

Usage Notes:

'Пробация' directly corresponds to the English legal term and is used in formal, official documents, while 'испытательный срок' is more versatile for non-legal contexts like employment. Choose 'пробация' for criminal justice discussions to maintain precision, as it avoids ambiguity. Be mindful of grammatical gender: 'пробация' is feminine, so it pairs with feminine adjectives. In spoken Russian, these terms are formal and may sound out of place in casual conversations; opt for simpler synonyms in everyday dialogue.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'пробация' with 'испытание': Learners might use 'испытание' (trial) interchangeably, but it's less formal and doesn't imply legal supervision. Correct: Use 'пробация' for legal contexts. Error example: "Он на испытании" (incorrect for probation); Correct: "Он на пробации".
• Improper inflection: Non-native speakers often forget case changes, e.g., saying "в пробация" instead of "в пробации". Explanation: Always adjust for genitive or prepositional cases to sound natural.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'пробация' reflects Western-influenced legal reforms post-1990s, emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment, similar to systems in the US or UK. However, its application can vary by region due to historical Soviet influences, where strict imprisonment was more common, making it a symbol of modern judicial evolution.

Related Concepts:

• Условно-досрочное освобождение
• Реабилитация
• Трудовой договор