Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'preconception'

English Word: preconception

Key Russian Translations:

• предубеждение [prʲɪduˈbʲeʐdʲɪnʲe] - [Formal, Noun]
• предвзятое мнение [prʲɪdˈvʲzʲatəʲe mʲɪˈnʲenʲje] - [Informal, Phrase, Used in everyday conversations]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in discussions of psychology, social issues, and debates, but are not as common as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun inflections. For 'предубеждение', it's B2; for 'предвзятое мнение', it's also B2 due to its compound structure.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предубеждение: [prʲɪduˈbʲeʐdʲɪnʲe]

предвзятое мнение: [prʲɪdˈvʲzʲatəʲe mʲɪˈnʲenʲje]

Note on предубеждение: The stress is on the third syllable ('bezh'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. A preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or experience, often implying bias.

Translation(s) & Context:

• предубеждение - Used in formal contexts like academic papers or psychological discussions to denote a deep-seated bias.
• предвзятое мнение - Applied in informal settings, such as casual conversations, to express a biased viewpoint without formal structure.

Usage Examples:

• Его предубеждение против иммигрантов помешало объективному обсуждению.

  His preconception against immigrants hindered an objective discussion.

• В обществе часто формируются предвзятые мнения на основе СМИ.

  In society, preconceptions are often formed based on media.

• Она преодолела своё предубеждение, чтобы лучше понять другую культуру.

  She overcame her preconception to better understand another culture.

• Предвзятое мнение может искажать научные исследования, если не контролировать его.

  A preconceived opinion can distort scientific research if not controlled.

• В детстве у меня было предубеждение о некоторых продуктах, но оно изменилось со временем.

  In childhood, I had a preconception about certain foods, but it changed over time.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Предубеждение' is a neuter noun in Russian, which follows standard third-declension patterns with some irregularities due to its derived form. It is invariable in plural forms in most contexts but changes by case in singular. 'Предвзятое мнение' is a phrase where 'предвзятое' (adjective) inflects, and 'мнение' (neuter noun) follows regular patterns.

For 'предвзятое' (adjective), it agrees with the noun: e.g., Nominative Singular Neuter: предвзятое; Genitive Singular: предвзятого. Note that 'предубеждение' does not have a plural form in standard usage, making it invariable in that aspect.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предвзятость (predvzyatost') - Similar to bias, but more general; used in emotional contexts.
  • стереотип (stereotip) - Focuses on fixed ideas; often interchangeable in cultural discussions.
• Antonyms:
  • объективность (obektivnost') - Emphasizes impartiality and fairness.
  • нейтральность (nejtral'nost') - Highlights a lack of bias, especially in neutral settings.

Related Phrases:

• иметь предубеждение - To have a preconception; used to express personal bias in formal writing.
• преодолеть предвзятое мнение - To overcome a preconceived opinion; common in self-improvement contexts.
• подвергаться предубеждению - To be subject to preconception; implies external influence in social dynamics.

Usage Notes:

Choose 'предубеждение' for more formal or psychological contexts where a deep-seated bias is implied, as it directly mirrors the English 'preconception' in academic settings. 'Предвзятое мнение' is better for everyday informal use, such as in conversations about opinions formed from media. Be mindful of gender agreement if using adjectives; for example, it must agree with the subject in Russian sentences. In Russian, these terms often appear in discussions of social justice, so context can influence word choice—use 'предубеждение' for enduring biases and 'предвзятое мнение' for temporary ones.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse 'предубеждение' with 'предпочтение' (preference), leading to sentences like "У меня предубеждение к этому блюду" (incorrect, as it implies bias instead of liking). Correct: "У меня предубеждение против этого блюда" to specify opposition.
• Another error is improper inflection, e.g., using 'предубеждения' in nominative case instead of genitive, as in "Я боюсь предубеждения" (should be "предубеждение" if nominative). Explanation: Always check the case based on the sentence structure to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'предубеждение' often relate to historical contexts such as Soviet-era propaganda or modern discussions on nationalism, where preconceptions can stem from state-influenced media. Understanding this helps English speakers grasp how bias is perceived in Russian society, often tied to themes of collectivism versus individualism.

Related Concepts:

• стереотип
• дискриминация
• предпочтение