Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'passivate'

English Word: passivate

Key Russian Translations:

• пассивировать [pasɪvʲɪrəvatʲ] - [Technical, Formal]
• пассивация [pasɪva'tsija] - [Noun form, Technical]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and primarily used in technical or scientific contexts, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level or higher, as it involves technical vocabulary and requires familiarity with Russian verb conjugations and scientific terminology.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

пассивировать: [pasɪvʲɪrəvatʲ]

Note on пассивировать: The stress falls on the second syllable ("si"), and the "вʲ" sound is a palatalized 'v', which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

пассивация: [pasɪva'tsija]

Note on пассивация: This is a feminine noun; stress is on the third syllable ("tsi"). Ensure the soft sign (ь) is not pronounced but affects the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To treat a metal surface to make it less reactive, especially in chemistry to prevent corrosion.

Translation(s) & Context:

• пассивировать - Used in technical contexts, such as chemical engineering, to describe the process of making a material inert.
• пассивация - Refers to the state or process of passivation as a noun, often in scientific reports or manufacturing discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В химической промышленности инженеры пассивируют металлические поверхности для защиты от коррозии.

  In the chemical industry, engineers passivate metal surfaces to protect them from corrosion.

• Чтобы увеличить срок службы деталей, мы проводим пассивацию стали специальными растворами.

  To extend the lifespan of parts, we perform passivation of steel using special solutions.

• Пассивировать алюминий можно с помощью анодного окисления, что предотвращает дальнейшее разрушение.

  Passivating aluminum can be done through anodizing, which prevents further degradation.

• В лабораторных условиях пассивация материалов осуществляется под строгим контролем pH уровня.

  In laboratory settings, passivation of materials is carried out under strict pH control.

• Иногда пассивировать сплавы необходимо для обеспечения их совместимости с другими веществами.

  Sometimes it's necessary to passivate alloys to ensure their compatibility with other substances.

To make something passive or inert in a broader sense (e.g., in electronics or materials science).

Translation(s) & Context:

• пассивировать - Applied metaphorically in non-chemical contexts, though less common, such as in electronics to describe reducing reactivity.

Usage Examples:

• В электронике пассивировать компоненты помогает избежать нежелательных реакций.

  In electronics, passivating components helps avoid unwanted reactions.

• Специалисты пассивируют полупроводники, чтобы улучшить их стабильность в устройствах.

  Specialists passivate semiconductors to improve their stability in devices.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

пассивировать is a first-conjugation verb (ending in -овать), which follows regular patterns in Russian. It is conjugated based on tense, aspect, and person. пассивация is a feminine noun of the first declension, with standard endings.

Note: This verb is regular, so it doesn't have irregular forms, making it easier for learners once the pattern is mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: защитить (zashchitit' – to protect, but less specific); окислять (okislyat' – to oxidize, in certain contexts)
• Antonyms: активировать (aktivirovat' – to activate); разрушать (razrushat' – to destroy, in a broader sense)

Explanation: "защитить" is a more general synonym but lacks the precise chemical connotation, while "активировать" directly opposes the idea of making something inert.

Related Phrases:

• пассивация поверхности – Passivation of the surface; used in manufacturing to describe treating outer layers.
• пассивировать металл – To passivate metal; a common phrase in engineering contexts.
• процесс пассивации – The process of passivation; refers to the overall procedure in scientific discussions.

Usage Notes:

• пассивировать directly corresponds to the English "passivate" in technical fields like chemistry and materials science, but it's rarely used outside professional jargon. Choose пассивация for noun forms to match English nominal uses.
• This term is formal and technical; avoid in casual conversation. In Russian, verbs like this often require perfective/imperfective aspects, so pair with appropriate auxiliaries for tense.
• When selecting between translations, use пассивировать for actions and пассивация for states or processes to ensure grammatical accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing пассивировать with пассивный (passive adjective), leading to incorrect sentence structure, e.g., saying "Я пассивный металл" instead of "Я пассивирую металл."
  Correct: Use пассивировать as a verb: "Я пассивирую металл для защиты." (I passivate the metal for protection.) Explanation: пассивный means "passive" as an adjective, not the action.
• Error: Forgetting to conjugate properly, e.g., using the infinitive in place of a conjugated form: "Он пассивировать поверхность."
  Correct: "Он пассивирует поверхность." Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with subject in person and number.

Cultural Notes:

This term lacks significant cultural connotations, as it is primarily a scientific borrowing from English and other languages. However, in Russian technical education and industry, such words reflect Russia's emphasis on engineering and materials science, often tied to historical advancements in Soviet-era chemistry.

Related Concepts:

• коррозия (corrosion)
• защита (protection)
• окисление (oxidation)