Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'porous'

English Word: porous

Key Russian Translations:

• по́розный /pɐˈroz.nɨj/ - [Formal; used in scientific, technical, or descriptive contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, engineering, and material science discussions, but not everyday casual language.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian adjectives and scientific vocabulary, per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

по́розный: /pɐˈroz.nɨj/

Note on по́розный: The stress is on the second syllable (по́-), which is a common feature in Russian adjectives. Be cautious with the soft 'р' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Having many small holes or spaces that allow liquids, gases, or other substances to pass through; often used in scientific or material contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• по́розный - Typically used for materials like sponges or rocks; formal and precise in scientific writing or technical descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот материал по́розный, поэтому он идеально подходит для фильтрации воды.

  This material is porous, so it is ideal for filtering water.

• По́розные кости делают скелет лёгким, но уязвимым.

  Porous bones make the skeleton light but vulnerable.

• В геологии по́розные породы позволяют нефти проникать вглубь.

  In geology, porous rocks allow oil to penetrate deeper.

• Используйте по́розный бетон для лучшей вентиляции в строительстве.

  Use porous concrete for better ventilation in construction.

• По́розная ткань быстро впитывает пот, что полезно в спорте.

  Porous fabric quickly absorbs sweat, which is useful in sports.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"По́розный" is an adjective in Russian, which means it changes based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow regular patterns for most cases, but they must agree with the noun they modify. Below is a table outlining its inflections:

Note: This follows standard first-declension adjective patterns. If the adjective is used predicatively, it may not change as much.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • проница́емый (pronikayemyy) - More general, implying permeability; often used interchangeably but with a focus on liquids.
  • сква́жинистый (skvazhinistyy) - Less common, specific to geological contexts with holes or cavities.
• Antonyms:
  • непроница́емый (nepronikayemyy) - Impermeable; used for materials that block passage.
  • плотный (plotnyy) - Dense or solid; emphasizes lack of spaces.

Related Phrases:

• По́розная структура - A porous structure; refers to the arrangement of holes in materials, often in engineering.
• По́розный материал - Porous material; common in discussions of fabrics or construction.
• По́розность породы - Porosity of rock; used in geology to describe oil extraction potential.

Usage Notes:

When translating "porous" to Russian, "по́розный" is the most direct and accurate choice for physical or scientific contexts. It is a formal adjective, so avoid it in casual conversations; opt for simpler terms if needed. Always ensure the adjective agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies, as Russian grammar requires this. For example, if referring to a feminine noun like "ткань" (fabric), use "по́розная ткань." If multiple translations exist, choose based on context: "проница́емый" for broader permeability, but "по́розный" for literal holes.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to change the adjective for case or gender, e.g., saying "по́розный женщина" instead of "по́розная женщина" (porous woman, if describing a female entity metaphorically).

  Correct: по́розная женщина. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns; this mistake often stems from English's lack of such inflections, leading to confusion in sentences.

• Error: Misplacing stress, e.g., pronouncing it as "порОзный" instead of "пОрозный," which can alter meaning or make it sound unnatural.

  Correct: /pɐˈroz.nɨj/. Explanation: Stress is crucial in Russian; incorrect stress might lead listeners to mishear the word as unrelated terms.

Cultural Notes:

"По́розный" doesn't carry strong cultural connotations in Russian, but it is frequently used in contexts like Russian scientific literature or engineering, reflecting Russia's emphasis on industrial and geological advancements (e.g., in oil and gas extraction in Siberia). Understanding this word can help English speakers appreciate how Russian describes natural materials in a precise, technical manner.

Related Concepts:

• пористость (poristost') - Porosity
• проницаемость (pronikayemost') - Permeability
• скважина (skvazhina) - Borehole or cavity