Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'plaster'

English Word: plaster

Key Russian Translations:

• пластырь [ˈplastɨrʲ] - [Informal, Medical context; commonly used for adhesive bandages]
• штукатурка [ʂtʊˈkatʊrkə] - [Formal, Construction context; refers to building material like mortar or stucco]

Frequency: Medium (пластырь is more common in everyday medical discussions; штукатурка appears in professional or home improvement contexts)

Difficulty: B1 for пластырь (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun declensions); B2 for штукатурка (Upper-Intermediate, due to its specific technical usage and potential for more complex sentences)

Pronunciation (Russian):

пластырь: [ˈplastɨrʲ]

Note on пластырь: The 'ы' sound is a hard, back vowel in Russian, similar to a muffled 'i' in English, and can be tricky for beginners; stress is on the first syllable.

штукатурка: [ʂtʊˈkatʊrkə]

Note on штукатурка: The initial 'ш' is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, like 'sh' in "she," and the word has stress on the third syllable; pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Adhesive bandage (e.g., for wounds)

Translation(s) & Context:

• пластырь - Used in everyday medical or first-aid situations, often informally in casual conversations or instructions.

Usage Examples:

• Я наложил пластырь на порез на пальце. [Ya naložil plastyr' na porez na pal'tse.]

  I put a plaster on the cut on my finger. (Shows basic usage in a simple declarative sentence.)

• В аптечке всегда должен быть пластырь для мелких ран. [V aptechke vsegda dolzhen byt' plastyr' dlya melkikh ran.]

  There should always be a plaster in the first-aid kit for minor wounds. (Illustrates usage in a general advisory context.)

• Дети часто просят пластырь, когда падают во дворе. [Deti chasto prosyat plastyr', kogda padayut vo dvore.]

  Children often ask for a plaster when they fall in the yard. (Demonstrates informal, familial usage.)

• После операции врач рекомендовал использовать водостойкий пластырь. [Posle operatsii vrach rekomendoval ispol'zovat' vodostoykiy plastyr'.]

  After the surgery, the doctor recommended using a waterproof plaster. (Highlights a more technical or professional context.)

Meaning 2: Building material (e.g., mortar or stucco)

Translation(s) & Context:

• штукатурка - Applied in construction, architecture, or DIY contexts, often in formal or technical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Стены дома покрыты свежей штукатуркой. [Steny doma pokryty svezhey shtukaturkoy.]

  The walls of the house are covered with fresh plaster. (Basic descriptive usage in a home improvement scenario.)

• Мастер наносил штукатурку на фасад здания. [Master nanosil shtukaturku na fasad zdaniya.]

  The craftsman was applying plaster to the building's facade. (Shows action in a professional setting.)

• Штукатурка должна высохнуть перед покраской. [Shtukaturka dolzhna vysokhnut' pered pokraskoy.]

  The plaster needs to dry before painting. (Illustrates sequential processes in construction.)

• В старых домах штукатурка часто трескается от времени. [V starikh domakh shtukaturka chasto treskaetsya ot vremeni.]

  In old houses, the plaster often cracks over time. (Demonstrates usage in discussing deterioration.)

• Для ремонта мы выбрали качественную штукатурку. [Dlya remonta my vybrali kachestvennuyu shtukaturku.]

  For the repair, we chose high-quality plaster. (Shows decision-making in a practical context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard feminine noun declension patterns. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender agreements.

For пластырь (neuter noun, actually, despite common perception):

For штукатурка (feminine noun):

These nouns do not have irregular inflections but follow standard patterns; always adjust for agreement with adjectives and verbs in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for пластырь: бинт (bandage, more general), лейкопластырь (specific type of adhesive bandage) - бинт is less specific and used for cloth bandages.
• Synonyms for штукатурка: раствор (mortar mix), отделка (finishing material) - раствор is often used interchangeably in wet applications.
• Antonyms: For штукатурка: голая стена (bare wall) - implies the absence of covering.

Related Phrases:

• Медицинский пластырь - A medical plaster; used for wound care in first-aid kits.
• Нанести штукатурку - To apply plaster; common in construction instructions.
• Водостойкий пластырь - Waterproof plaster; refers to durable medical bandages.
• Обновить штукатурку на стене - To renew the plaster on the wall; for home renovation contexts.

Usage Notes:

"Plaster" in English has two primary meanings that map directly to Russian as пластырь (for medical use) and штукатурка (for building). Choose the translation based on context: use пластырь in health-related conversations to avoid confusion, as it's more colloquial. Штукатурка is formal and technical, often paired with verbs like "нанести" (to apply). Be mindful of gender agreement in sentences, as both are nouns that affect adjectives and verbs. In informal speech, пластырь might be shortened or used metaphorically, but this is rare.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Confusing пластырь with бинт and using it interchangeably. Incorrect: "Я использовал бинт как пластырь." (This might imply a cloth bandage instead of an adhesive one.) Correct: Use пластырь specifically for sticky bandages to ensure precision.
• Common Error: Forgetting case inflections, e.g., saying "на пластырь" instead of "на пластыре" in prepositional contexts. Incorrect: "Поставьте на пластырь." Correct: "Поставьте на пластыре." (The correct form depends on the sentence structure.)
• Common Error: Using штукатурка in non-construction contexts, which can sound awkward. Incorrect: "Я наложил штукатурку на рану." Correct: Use пластырь here to avoid mixing metaphors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, пластырь is a staple in everyday life, often associated with home remedies and self-care, reflecting a practical approach to health in families. Штукатурка, on the other hand, ties into Russia's architectural heritage, as seen in historic buildings like those in Moscow, where traditional plasterwork symbolizes durability and craftsmanship in the face of harsh climates.

Related Concepts:

• бинт (bandage)
• раствор (mortar)
• отделочные материалы (finishing materials)
• порез (cut or wound)