Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'physiological'

English Word: physiological

Key Russian Translations:

• физиологический /fʲɪzʲɪɐlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj/ - [Adjective, Formal]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in scientific, medical, and academic contexts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and basic Russian adjective inflections, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

физиологический: /fʲɪzʲɪɐlɐˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj/

Note on физиологический: The pronunciation features soft consonants (e.g., 'фʲ' and 'гʲ'), which can be challenging for English speakers. Stress falls on the fourth syllable. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the functions and processes of living organisms, especially in biology or medicine.

Translation(s) & Context:

• физиологический - Used in formal scientific or medical discussions to describe natural bodily functions; common in academic writing or professional settings.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Этот процесс является физиологическим аспектом человеческого организма.

  English Translation: This process is a physiological aspect of the human body.

• Русский: Физиологическая реакция на физические нагрузки варьируется у разных людей.

  English Translation: The physiological reaction to physical exertion varies among different people.

• Русский: В физиологическом плане, сон необходим для восстановления энергии.

  English Translation: In physiological terms, sleep is necessary for energy restoration.

• Русский: Изучение физиологических изменений в старшем возрасте важно для медицины.

  English Translation: Studying physiological changes in old age is important for medicine.

• Русский: Физиологический стресс может повлиять на иммунную систему.

  English Translation: Physiological stress can affect the immune system.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Физиологический is an adjective in Russian, which means it inflects based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a regular pattern of agreement with the nouns they modify. It does not have irregular forms.

Note: This table shows standard adjective inflections. The word remains regular and predictable, making it easier for learners at B2 level.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • биологический (biological) - More general, used for broader life sciences; subtle difference in focusing on life processes vs. functions.
  • органический (organic) - In some contexts, but less precise; often used in chemistry or everyday language.
• Antonyms:
  • патологический (pathological) - Refers to abnormal or diseased states, contrasting with normal physiological functions.
  • психологический (psychological) - Relates to mental processes, as opposed to physical ones.

Related Phrases:

• Физиологическая норма - A standard or norm in bodily functions; used in medical contexts to refer to typical health parameters.
• Физиологический ритм - Refers to the natural rhythm of biological processes, such as heartbeats or sleep cycles.
• Физиологическая адаптация - The process of adaptation in living organisms; common in discussions of evolution or environmental changes.

Usage Notes:

This translation corresponds closely to the English "physiological," emphasizing biological functions rather than psychological or pathological aspects. It is typically used in formal or academic settings, such as scientific papers or medical discussions. When choosing between translations, opt for "физиологический" for precise scientific accuracy. Be mindful of adjective agreement in Russian sentences, ensuring it matches the noun's gender, number, and case. For example, avoid using it in casual conversation where a simpler term like "биологический" might suffice.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "физиологический" interchangeably with "биологический" without considering context. Incorrect: "Биологический процесс" when meaning a specific physiological function. Correct: "Физиологический процесс" for body-related functions. Explanation: These terms overlap but "физиологический" is more specific to internal processes, while "биологический" is broader.

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective properly, e.g., using "физиологический" in all cases. Incorrect: "В физиологический случае" (should be genitive). Correct: "В физиологическом случае." Explanation: Russian requires agreement, so always adjust based on the noun's case to avoid grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and scientific tradition, terms like "физиологический" stem from the influence of Western biology, particularly through figures like Ivan Pavlov, who conducted pioneering work on physiological responses. This reflects Russia's strong emphasis on scientific research in medicine, where such vocabulary is integral to discussions on health and human behavior, often bridging into philosophical debates about the mind-body connection.

Related Concepts:

• анатомический (anatomical)
• психологический (psychological)
• биохимический (biochemical)