Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'phonology'

English Word: phonology

Key Russian Translations:

• Фонология [fɐnɐˈlɔɡʲɪjə] - [Formal, Academic]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in linguistic and academic contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced level, suitable for learners with a strong background in linguistics, as it involves specialized terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Фонология: [fɐnɐˈlɔɡʲɪjə]

Note on Фонология: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ló"), which is a common feature in Russian loanwords from Greek. Pay attention to the soft sign (ь) in "гʲɪjə," which softens the preceding consonant.

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Meanings and Usage:

The study of the sound systems of languages, including phonemes and their organization.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Фонология - Used in formal academic or linguistic discussions, such as in university lectures or research papers.

Usage Examples:

• В лингвистике фонология изучает звуковые системы языков и их вариации.

  In linguistics, phonology studies the sound systems of languages and their variations.

• Фонология помогает понять, как разные языки организуют свои фонемы.

  Phonology helps understand how different languages organize their phonemes.

• Изучение фонологии важно для студентов, специализирующихся на языковых науках.

  Studying phonology is important for students specializing in language sciences.

• В фонологии анализируются правила, определяющие, какие звуки могут сочетаться в словах.

  In phonology, the rules are analyzed that determine which sounds can combine in words.

• Современная фонология часто использует компьютерные модели для исследования языковых паттернов.

  Modern phonology often employs computer models to study language patterns.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Фонология is a feminine noun in Russian (from the first declension). It follows regular patterns for most Russian nouns but may vary based on case and number. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: As a loanword, it does not have irregular inflections but follows standard feminine noun patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Фонетика (Phonetics) - Focuses more on the physical aspects of sounds, while фонология deals with their functional organization.
  • Звуковая система (Sound system) - A more general term, often used in broader contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Семантика (Semantics) - Deals with meaning rather than sound structure.

Related Phrases:

• Теория фонологии (Theory of phonology) - Refers to the foundational principles in the study of sound systems.
• Прикладная фонология (Applied phonology) - Involves practical applications, such as in language teaching or speech therapy.
• Сравнительная фонология (Comparative phonology) - The comparison of sound systems across languages.

Usage Notes:

Phonology as "фонология" is a direct cognate in Russian and English, making it straightforward for learners, but it's primarily used in academic settings. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it may sound overly formal. When discussing linguistics, ensure the context is clear, as Russian speakers might differentiate it from "фонетика." For example, if the focus is on sound production, opt for "фонетика" instead.

• Grammar note: Always use in the appropriate case based on sentence structure; e.g., in genitive for possession: "книга по фонологии" (a book on phonology).
• Choose between translations: If your intent is more about physical sounds, use "фонетика"; for abstract organization, stick with "фонология."

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "фонология" with "фонетика." For instance, they might incorrectly say: "Я изучаю фонетику языков" when meaning phonology, which should be: "Я изучаю фонологию языков." Explanation: "Фонетика" refers to the study of speech sounds themselves, while "фонология" is about how those sounds function in a language system. Another error is improper inflection, such as using the nominative in all cases: Incorrect: "О фонология" (should be "О фонологии" in prepositional case).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian linguistic tradition, influenced by scholars like Roman Jacobson, "фонология" has roots in structuralism and is often linked to the formal study of language in Soviet-era linguistics. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on theoretical sciences in Russia, where phonology plays a key role in understanding language evolution and diversity.

Related Concepts:

• Морфология (Morphology)
• Синтаксис (Syntax)
• Лексикология (Lexicology)